基于元分析的差异表达基因识别

针对传统差异表达基因分析方法使用单一数据集,不能处理异质性特性数据集、分析结果偏差大的问题,提出了联合驱动排除的概念,设计实现一种使用多研究数据集的元分析算法。应用公共数据库GEO中GDS2490和GDS2491数据集对设计的算法与微芯片显著性分析方法进行了对比。实验结果表明:设计的算法可以对数据集实行联合驱动排除,与微芯片显著性分析方法相比,可以有效分析异质性特性的数据集,准确找到差异表达的基因,验证了算法的有效性。该方法为差异表达基因识别提供了新思路。     

基于综合性Meta分析的乳三肽VPP和IPP在随机安慰剂对照实验中的抗高血压效能

为评估口服乳三肽VPP（Val-Pro-Pro）和IPP（Ile-Pro-Pro）对血压的影响,基于综合性Meta分析选择了包含在21 个研究中的27 项临床实验、2 142 个高血压前期或高血压患者。由于存在异质性,采用随机影响模式进行分析。结果表明：Meta分析中未发现发表偏倚,收缩压（systolic blood pressure,SBP）降低了1.78 mmHg（95%可信区间为－2.47～－1.08,P＜0.001）,舒张压（diastolic blood pressure,DBP）降低了0.67 mmHg（95%可信区间为－1.11～－0.23,P＜0.001）。亚组分析结果表明：亚洲人群SBP为－6.56 mmHg、DBP为－3.01 mmHg,2008年前的研究对象SBP为－6.57 mmHg、DBP为－3.08 mmHg,口服乳三肽剂量＜5 mg/d的患者SBP为－5.20 mmHg、DBP为－2.05 mmHg,以及诊所偶测SBP（－2.74 mmHg）与DBP（－1.18 mmHg）和家庭自测SBP（－7.61 mmHg）与DBP（－4.83 mmHg）都显著下降,而相应的比较对象则没有。因此,包含乳三肽VPP和IPP的功能性食品对高血压前期或轻度高血压患者是有效的,特别是在低剂量食用时对亚洲人群的诊所偶测血压和家庭自测血压有明显效果。     

Famine exposure during early life and risk of hypertension in adulthood: A meta-analysis

ABSTRACT

Background: Many epidemiologic studies have explored the association between famine exposure and the risk of hypertension, but the results remain controversial. Objective: A meta-analysis was performed to determine the association between early life famine exposure, fetal famine exposure, and childhood famine exposure and risk of hypertension. Methods: A literature search was performed in PubMed, Web of science, Embase, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure for relevant articles published up to October 2016. Pooled relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model. Results: Sixteen studies from 14 articles for early life famine exposure, 11 studies from 10 articles for fetal famine exposure, and 10 studies from 8 articles for childhood famine exposure were included in our meta-analysis. Compared with unexposed group, the pooled RRs were (1.26; 95% CI, 1.11–1.44), (1.27; 95% CI, 1.08–1.49), and (1.32; 95% CI, 1.15–1.52) for early life famine exposure, fetal famine exposure, and childhood famine exposure, respectively. In subgroup analyses, the above-mentioned associations were consistent in cohort studies, and studies conducted in Asia. Conclusion: This meta-analysis confirmed the association between exposure to famine in early life and increased risk of hypertension in adulthood. Prevention of malnutrition during early life is an appropriate recommendation to prevent hypertension.     

Linking job demands and resources to employee engagement and burnout: A theoretical extension and meta-analytic test.

We refine and extend the job demands–resources model with theory regarding appraisal of stressors to account for inconsistencies in relationships between demands and engagement, and we test the revised theory using meta-analytic structural modeling. Results indicate support for the refined and updated theory. First, demands and burnout were positively associated, whereas resources and burnout were negatively associated. Second, whereas relationships among resources and engagement were consistently positive, relationships among demands and engagement were highly dependent on the nature of the demand. Demands that employees tend to appraise as hindrances were negatively associated with engagement, and demands that employees tend to appraise as challenges were positively associated with engagement. Implications for future research are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Psychosocial outcomes of telephone-based counseling for adults with an acquired physical disability: A meta-analysis.

Background: The delivery of mental health services by telephone, referred to as telecounseling, has the potential to improve the health outcomes of adults with an acquired physical disability in a cost-effective way. However, the efficacy of this form of treatment requires further evaluation before it is used on a larger scale. Aim: This meta-analysis provides a critical and quantitative evaluation of the impact of telephone-administered psychological interventions on the psychosocial functioning of adults with an acquired physical disability caused by spinal cord injury, limb amputation, severe burn injury, stroke, or multiple sclerosis. Method: A comprehensive search of eight electronic databases identified eight studies (N = 658 participants) that compared treatment efficacy to that of matched control groups. Differences in the psychosocial outcomes of treatment and control participants were examined using Cohen's d effect sizes. Fail-safe Ns and 95% confidence intervals were used to evaluate the significance of these results. Results: Significant improvements in coping skills and strategies (overall d = 0.57), community integration (overall d = 0.45), and depression (overall d = 0.44) were observed immediately after telecounseling, with modest improvements in quality of life maintained at 12 months post-intervention (overall d = 0.37). Conclusions: The results suggest that telecounseling is an effective treatment modality for adults adjusting to a physical disability; however, further trials are needed to establish the long term psychosocial benefits. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

The proof of the pudding: An illustration of the relative strengths of null hypothesis, meta-analysis, and Bayesian analysis.

Some methodologists have recently suggested that scientific psychology's overreliance on null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) impedes the progress of the discipline. In response, a number of defenders have maintained that NHST continues to play a vital role in psychological research. Both sides of the argument to date have been presented abstractly. The authors take a different approach to this issue by illustrating the use of NHST along with 2 possible alternatives (meta-analysis as a primary data analysis strategy and Bayesian approaches) in a series of 3 studies. Comparing and contrasting the approaches on actual data brings out the strengths and weaknesses of each approach. The exercise demonstrates that the approaches are not mutually exclusive but instead can be used to complement one another. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A meta-analytic review of the Penn Resiliency Program’s effect on depressive symptoms.

The purpose of this review was to evaluate whether the Penn Resiliency Program (PRP), a group cognitive–behavioral intervention, is effective in targeting depressive symptoms in youths. We identified 17 controlled evaluations of PRP (N = 2,498) in which depressive symptoms had been measured via an online search of PsycINFO, Medline, ERIC, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses and by requesting data from PRP researchers. We combined effect sizes (ESs; Glass’s d), using random effects models at postintervention and two follow-up assessments (6–8 and 12 months postintervention). PRP participants reported fewer depressive symptoms at postintervention and both follow-up assessments compared with youths receiving no intervention, with ESs ranging from 0.11 to 0.21. Subgroup analyses showed that PRP’s effects were significant at 1 or more follow-up assessments among studies with both targeted and universal approaches, when group leaders were research team members and community providers, among participants with both low and elevated baseline symptoms, and among boys and girls. Limited data showed no evidence that PRP is superior to active control conditions. Preliminary analyses suggested that PRP’s effects on depressive disorders may be smaller than those reported in a larger meta-analysis of depression prevention programs for older adolescents and adults. We found evidence that PRP significantly reduces depressive symptoms through at least 1-year postintervention. Future PRP research should examine whether PRP’s effects on depressive symptoms lead to clinically meaningful benefits for its participants, whether the program is cost-effective, whether CB skills mediate program effects, and whether PRP is effective when delivered under real-world conditions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)