裂解汽油加氢一段催化剂失活原因分析

介绍了中国石油辽阳石化分公司烯烃厂裂解汽油加氢装置一段全馏分镍系加氢催化剂失活情况及原因分析。通过对酸性硫来源的分析及酸性硫对催化剂影响的评价，总结了处理酸性硫的对策及方法。     

震源延迟叠加技术及应用效果

延迟叠加爆炸是针对高分辨率和深层地震勘探而提出来的一种激发方式。这种激发方式能在保证地震分辨率的前提下有效提高地震波能量 ,在地震波的入射角范围内 ,有效克服非球形炸药激发引起的地震波传播的方向性。应用弹性波动力学对多级延迟爆炸进行理论研究 ,结合实际试验资料 ,研究了延迟爆炸情况下激发参数对地震波能量、主频、频宽等的影响。从几何地震学出发 ,分析了不同时间激发的地震波在地下空间中的干涉情况 ,对其能量传播的方向性进行了研究。理论分析和试验效果表明 ,延迟叠加震源与相同药量的普通震源相比 ,激发地震波的主频高 ,频带宽 ,增强了下传能量 ,降低了次生干扰 ,在高分辨率和深层地震勘探中具有明显的优势。     

Credibility and applicability of virtual reality models in design and construction

In this paper, we present the findings from an extensive study of the use of virtual reality (VR) models in large construction projects. The study includes two parts: The first part presents a quantitative questionnaire designed to investigate how VR models are experienced and assessed by the workforce at a building site. The second part includes a qualitative field survey of how VR models can be applied and accepted by professionals in the design and planning process of a large pelletizing plant. Through mainly studying persons who had little or no experience with advanced information technology (IT), we hoped to reveal the attitudes of the average person working at a construction site rather than of an IT expert. In summary, the study shows that the VR models in both projects have been very useful and well accepted by the users. Today’s information flow is, from a general point of view, considered to be insufficient and the hypothesis is that using VR models in the construction process have the potential to minimize waste of resources and improve the final result.     

浅析工程建设设计阶段的投资控制

论述在工程建设设计阶段应严格设计标准,推行标准设计、限额设计及设计方案优选等工作,以便提高设计的经济合理性,有效控制工程投资。     

江苏复杂断块高含水单元改善水驱效果的技术对策

在分析高含水开发单元特点的基础上,针对该阶段剩余油的品位、分布和油水关系极为复杂、挖潜难度大的技术难点,提出了适合江苏复杂断块油田高含水开发单元改善水驱开发效果的思路和工作程序、技术对策,并在真武油田高含水开发单元进行了实际应用,取得了良好的效果.     

非常规开采顺序在鸡冠嘴金矿二期采区的应用

针对鸡冠嘴金矿二期采区矿体(群)延深较大、走向较短、在垂向上中部较厚、品位较高呈“菱形”变化的特点，通过技术经济比较和岩石力学研究论证，并结合国内、外类似矿山的生产实践，提出并采用了不同于常规的首先开采矿体(群)中部的开采方法，从而为提高矿山生产初期的经济效益，尽早偿还基建贷款提供了一条新的成功经验。     

An integrated biodesulfurization process,including inoculum preparation,desulfurization and sulfate removal in a single step,for removing sulfur from oils

BACKGROUND: A single‐stage reactor, in which the growth of bacterial culture, induction of desulfurizing enzymes, and desulfurization reaction are carried out in a single step, was adopted to investigate desulfurization of dibenzothiophene (DBT) at high cell densities. Rhodococcus erythropolis, IGTS8 was used as the biocatalyst. Optimal conditions for bacterial growth and DBT desulfurization were investigated. RESULTS: Optimization of fermentation conditions was necessary to obtain high cell densities including controlling accumulation of acetate. Under optimal operating conditions, the maximum optical density at 600 nm (OD₆₀₀) was measured to be 26.6 at 118 h of cultivation. When biodesulfurization of DBT in model oil with a high cell density culture of IGTS8 was investigated, accumulation of sulfate was found to limit the extent of desulfurization. A sulfate removal step was added to obtain a single‐stage integrated biodesulfurization process. Sulfate removal was achieved via an aqueous bleed stream and use of a separation unit to recycle the organic phase. CONCLUSION: A proof of principle of a complete system capable of biocatalyst growth, induction, desulfurization and by‐product separation was demonstrated. This system enables simplification of the biodesulfurization process and has potential to lower the operating cost of the bioprocess. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

新器件条件下对行输出级电路计算公式的修正与补充(Ⅵ)

当彩色显示器使用初级线圈电感量L_P较小的新逆程变压器时,流过饱和导通行输出管的集电极电流I_(CP),不但包括偏转线圈L_Y中的正向锯齿波电流I_(YCP),还有不能忽略的FBT初级线圈中的正向锯齿电流I_(FCP),即CGA卡时峰值电流I_(CP)(6.1A)=I_(YCP)(3.9A)+I_(FCP)(2.2A)。因此有必要对行输出级电路的电流计算公式作相应的修正和补充。     

浅谈施工阶段的工程造价管理

就施工单位如何把工程造价的发生控制在合理的范围和核定的造价限额以内，从工程承包实行招投标制、缩短工期、重视现场签证和索赔工作等方面进行了阐述，以达到节约投资，提高经济效益目的。     

特定沉降阶段的盾构隧道地表沉降研究

以某电力盾构隧道土压平衡盾构掘进施工为背景,提出了特定阶段的地表沉降预测公式。考虑注浆压力、盾构机与土体摩擦力、开挖面推力等因素,利用数值仿真软件进行模拟盾构开挖数值试验。综合现场实测数据、公式计算结果、数值模拟结果对土体横向变形和纵向变形规律进行了研究。结果表明:土体横向沉降变形呈现“Ｕ”形分布,随着土体深度的增加,向“Ｖ”形分布。土体纵向变形呈现倒“Ｓ”形分布,且盾构机与土体摩擦力相比于开挖面推力是使得开挖面前方土体隆起主要因素,计算结果表明距离开挖面前方０．６ｈ处出现最大隆起值。注浆压力主要影响盾尾脱出后土体沉降变形,增大注浆压力和持续时间可以有效控制土体竖向变形。