基于声场重建的三维音频技术

近年来,随着人们对视听体验的要求不断提高,三维（空间）音频技术被广泛应用于娱乐影音等各领域,并取得显著进展。如何便捷地创造一个具有沉浸式空间听觉体验的环境是一直以来的研究热点。因此综述了主流三维声场重建的相关技术,并分析了其优缺点,主要讨论了三维声场的表达与维度、不同扬声器下的三维声场重建以及相应的混响均衡技术。最后,归纳了三维声场重建技术目前存在的问题,并展望未来发展的新方向。     

Theoretical and experimental investigations on the partial scaling method for the Oxford-type moving-coil linear compressor

This paper puts forward the partial scaling method of the Oxford-type moving-coil linear compressor for pulse tube cryocoolers and analyzes the related principles. The systematic experimental investigations are further made to verify the analyses. One of the typical compressors developed in the authors’ laboratory is chosen to be scaled, and then coupled with the original pulse tube cold finger. At the typical operating temperature of 80 K for the pulse tube cold finger, the scaled compressor’s maximum input electric power increases from 236.7 W to 370.0 W, and the cooling power is enhanced from 10.0 W to 15.0 W. The motor efficiency decreases from 78% to 73%, but the average cooling efficiency slightly increases from 11% to 12% of Carnot efficiency due to a better match between scaled compressor and original cold finger. The rationality and feasibility of the partial scaling method have been verified by the theoretical analyses and experimental investigations.     

Filtered gradient active fuzzy neural network noise control in an enclosure backed by a clamped plate

The performance of conventional linear algorithms in active noise control applications deteriorates facing nonlinearities in the system mainly because of loudspeakers. On the other hand, fuzzy logic and neural networks are good candidates to overcome this drawback. In this paper, the acoustic attenuation of noise in a rectangular enclosure with a flexible panel and five rigid walls is presented both theoretically and experimentally using filtered gradient fuzzy neural network (FGFNN) error back propagation algorithm in which the secondary path effect is implemented in derivation of updating rules. Considering this effect in updating rules leads to faster convergence and stability of the active noise control system. On the other hand, the primary path in the investigated system comprises an identified nonlinear model of loudspeaker inside the aforementioned box, parameters of which vary with the input current. The loudspeaker is identified using series‐parallel neural network model identification method. As a comparison, the performance of filtered‐x least mean squares and FGFNN algorithms are compared. It is observed that FGFNN controller exhibits far better results in the presence of loudspeakers with nonlinear behavior in primary path.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Speech intelligibility and speech quality of modified loudspeaker announcements examined in a simulated aircraft cabin

Acoustic modifications of loudspeaker announcements were investigated in a simulated aircraft cabin to improve passengers’ speech intelligibility and quality of communication in this specific setting. Four experiments with 278 participants in total were conducted in an acoustic laboratory using a standardised speech test and subjective rating scales. In experiments 1 and 2 the sound pressure level (SPL) of the announcements was varied (ranging from 70 to 85 dB(A)). Experiments 3 and 4 focused on frequency modification (octave bands) of the announcements. All studies used a background noise with the same SPL (74 dB(A)), but recorded at different seat positions in the aircraft cabin (front, rear). The results quantify speech intelligibility improvements with increasing signal-to-noise ratio and amplification of particular octave bands, especially the 2 kHz and the 4 kHz band. Thus, loudspeaker power in an aircraft cabin can be reduced by using appropriate filter settings in the loudspeaker system.     

基于短时傅里叶变换的扬声器共振频率求解

通过分析在单一频率正弦信号和连续对数扫频信号下扬声器响应信号频谱的特点,提出在短时傅里叶变换的基础上,对扬声器共振频率进行求解。对扬声器扫频范围内的响应信号进行采集和短时傅里叶变换,并分析各个窗对应谐波分量的大小,进而得出共振频率。该方法能够快速获取扬声器的共振频率,测量结果准确,为扬声器在共振频率附近区域的检测提供保证。     

磁性流体的制备及在扬声器中的应用

用化学共沉淀法制备粒径10nm的Fe3O4作磁粉,在表面活性剂的作用和适当温度条件下通过高速搅拌制备出聚烃基磁性流体。通过加入抗氧剂等微量添加剂提高其化学稳定性和磁稳定性。调节好粘度和磁饱和强度,得到扬声器用磁性流体。通过实际应用,检测磁性流体在扬声器中的应用效果。     

参量阵扬声器系统的超声发射阵指向性研究

在参量阵扬声器系统中,需采用若干个压电陶瓷超声换能器单元组成换能器发射阵,换能器单元的数目和排列位置会对发射阵的指向性产生影响。通过改变换能器数目及之间的相对距离,模拟了超声发射阵的空间指向性。与实测结果进行了比较,验证了在设计超声发射阵列时,此模拟方法的可靠性和实用性。     

关于微型扬声器阻抗曲线的一些探讨

通过对微型扬声器的阻抗曲线测试分析,说明微型扬声器在测试电压加大的条件下微型扬声器所特有的现象．对此特有现象进行了初步分析。并对通常条件下微型扬声器阻抗曲线测试时的电压怎样选择和怎样测试作了说明。     

PA纸盆发展趋势及研发的一些探讨

介绍了目前市场上对PA纸盆的要求和发展趋势;阐述了研发PA纸盆的一些技术要求(要点)和思路、方法,重点说明了对PA纸盆音质起关键性影响的因素,对纸浆打浆工艺、纸浆纤维配比等作了较深入细致的探讨.     

扬声器的转移矩阵分析法

在提出转移矩阵的概念后，从系统元素的串联及并联的矩阵表示方法入手，使得任何复杂系统都可用搭积木的方法得出其转移矩阵。详细描述了扬声器转移矩阵的导出过程。由矩阵表达的方程可以采用诸如Manab之类的计算机软件快捷地求解。转移矩阵为既简单又不失精确的数学方法。