城市生活垃圾中废弃木料流化床热解气化试验研究

为开发适合我国城市生活垃圾处理的低污染气化熔融技术，对城市生活垃圾中广泛存在的废弃木料组分进行了流化床热解与气化试验。流化床中，在反应温度400～700℃、过量空气系数0～0．8的范围内，对木料进行了系统的热解气化试验，分析了反应产物特性及其产量变化规律。结果表明，热解温度5000℃，热解油产量最大，可占原料质量的38％，热解气产量随温度增加而增大；气化温度600℃、过量空气系数0．4时，气化效率最高，达到73％，此时每标准立方米气化气热值为5800kJ，气化气产率为2．01m^3／kg；并进行相关的反应特性及机理分析。     

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of fluidized beds

This paper reviews recent developments in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) which enable it to follow particle motion in fluidized beds. Imaging with a spatial resolution of 400 μm and a temporal resolution of 1 ms is now feasible; particle velocities of order 1 m/s can be measured with good accuracy. The technique provides voidage fractions on a motion-picture basis and particle velocity fields. Limitations are: (i) the particles must contain appropriate atoms e.g. C or H; and (ii) currently the fluidized bed diameter cannot exceed 50 mm, though measurements from larger units will doubtless become available. MR studies on fluidized beds are described: results are reported for (i) air jets entering the bed (ii) bubbling and slugging beds and (iii) dispersion in a bubbling bed. The data are consistent with published measurements. Study (i) helps to resolve the longstanding puzzle about the behaviour of an air jet entering a fluidized or partly-fluidized bed, answering the question: does the entering air form bubbles or a continuous jet?     

岩石中多元素仪器中子活化分析及其在地学中的应用

采用仪器中子活化分析法测定了各种地质样品中20多个元素的含量。为了检验方法的准确度和精密度,分析了美国国家地质局的标准物质USGS-AGV-Ⅰ、USGS-BCR-1及美国国家标准局的NBS-1632煤粉,准确度和精密度的误差均小于15％。 用仪器中子活化分析法测定了日喀则蛇绿岩中稀土元素含量,通过对稀土元素地球化学特征的分析,我们认为日喀则蛇绿岩在地球化学性质方面相似于大洋中脊拉斑玄武岩,它们可能是形成于特提斯洋脊。     

大型气－固湍流流化床径向空隙率分布的研究

在一套７１０／４０００×８７０／１１０００ｍｍ大型有机玻璃流化床中，测定了大比重的ＦＣＣ催化剂在湍流流化床密相密度沿径向的分布规律。试验结果表明，湍流流化床密相区密度沿径向有一个明显的分布。采用多项式模型对试验数据进行了关联。关联结果能较好地描述湍流流化床密相区径向空隙率的分布规律     

Ambiguity and verbal fluency in the TAT.

15 TAT cards, divided into low-, medium-. and high-ambiguity groups, were administered to 30 female nursing students. Stimulus ambiguity, defined in terms of variability of themes evoked by a given card, was found to be associated with hesitant and disrupted speech. These findings are explained in terms of the mediating role of uncertainty on speech. An adaptation effect was noted. The later, as opposed to the earlier stories, are associated with a longer reaction time, but fewer "ah's," less silence, and a quicker articulation rate. Finally, significant differences are noted between Ss' verbal fluency indexes, based on all 15 cards and thus independent of stimulus ambiguity, and verbal fluency indexes obtained in an interview situation. These differences are discussed in terms of monological vs. dialogical speech. (21 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Erratum to Rodin and Langer.

Reports an error in "Long-term effects of a control-relevant intervention with the institutionalized aged" by Judith Rodin and Ellen J. Langer (Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1977[Dec], Vol 35[12], pp. 897-902). On page 900, the z score should be changed. The outcome is therefore only marginally significant, and a more cautious interpretation of the mortality findings than originally given is necessary. (The following abstract of this article originally appeared in record 1979-29338-001.) Reevaluated 26 elderly nursing home residents who were tested by the present authors (see record 1976-28515-001) as part of an intervention designed to increase feelings of choice and personal responsibility over daily events. Nurses' ratings and health and mortality indicators suggest that the experimental treatment and/or the processes that it set in motion had sustained beneficial effects. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

ANALYSIS OF AERODYNAMICS AND HEAT TRANSFER IN VIBRO-FLUIDIZED BEDS

Recent experimental data on aerodynamic and heat transfer characteristics of vibro-fluidized beds of model particles are presented and discussed in the light of the limited prior information. An analysis is presented for the bed dynamics with supporting experimental data. The predicted results for bed flight time, pressure drop and average voidage are shown to agree favorably with experimental data. On the basis of experimental results, a theoretical model and a simple design chart are presented which may be used to determine favorable operating ranges for a vibro-fluid bed apparatus.     

An experimental study of the relation between nursing care and patient welfare.

4 experiments were conducted in an ongoing hospital setting to test the hypothesis that increasing the amount and quality of nursing care would produce improvements in patient welfare. Changes introduced on experimental wards consisted of increasing the size of the nursing staff, conducting inservice-education programs, and combining increased staffing and inservice education. With the exception of a reduction in patient complaints during 1 experiment, no improvement in patient welfare was produced. Results suggest that there is a limit to the contribution which nursing can make to patient welfare and that this limit is much closer to the existing level of care than was formerly thought. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The observers and the observed: The effects of doing ratings on staff-patient contact patterns.

On a research ward where nursing personnel have both research and clinical responsibilities, the effect of staff's rating of patients' behavior on frequency of contacts was assessed. Percentages of staff's contacts with patients and with other staff were compared on days when the staff was doing the ratings with days when it was not. There were no differences in the percentage of interactions with patients on rating and nonrating days. There were more interactions with staff on rating days. This finding suggests that although doing rating did not interfere with patient-staff relations, the increase in staff-staff contacts might be due to rating staff obtaining more information upon which to base their ratings by talking to other staff members. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The combustion of polymer pellets in a bubbling fluidised bed

Wastes burned in incinerators usually contain polymers, whose combustion can be associated with noxious emissions, unless the conditions are properly selected. This paper investigates how polymers burn in a fluidised bed; in fact, the combustion of a number of polymers, including several types of polyethylene, polystyrene and a polyamide, was studied in a laboratory-size, bubbling, fluidised bed, filled with quartz sand, with no external heating. Pellets of a polymer were mostly thrown into such a bed of sand, fluidised and maintained hot by a fuel-lean mixture of propane, methane or hydrogen in air, which burned soon after entering the bed. In addition, polymers were also used as the only fuel, i.e., added to a hot bed fluidised by only air. Visual observations of burning polymer pellets up to 240 mg were made, as well as video records obtained and the flue gas composition monitored, when the combustor was run at 800–1000 °C with 1.1–2.0 times more O₂ than required for complete combustion. It is clear that a polymer burns as if its volatile content were 100%. The polymer pellet first melts at a rate controlled by heat transfer. However, the melt and the gaseous products of thermal decomposition are dispersed, albeit sometimes slowly, in a fluidised bed. Although the high U/U_mf of above 10 caused some back-mixing of the gas leaving the bed and the combustion efficiency was high (assessed from O₂ consumption and CO₂ production), long streaks or plumes of fuel-rich gases (from each polymer pellet) did reach the freeboard, i.e., these plumes burned as transient diffusion flames at a rate controlled by mixing. By increasing the temperature and the residence times of gas in the bed and freeboard, the observed emissions of CO and hydrocarbons could be considerably reduced. The concentrations of NO were low, except when the polymer contained chemically-combined nitrogen, as in a polyamide. It is concluded that bubbling fluidised beds can be good for incinerating polymers, possibly together with other wastes.