卟啉类光电功能材料的研究进展

卟啉及其衍生物是一类具有优良的光电性能的有机半导体材料．引起人们广泛的关注。本文对卟啉类光电材料在模拟生物光合作用中心的光致电荷转移和能量转移，有机太阳能电池．分子光电器件。有机电致发光和光存储等领域的研究进展做一简要介绍。     

CLBO晶体化学机械抛光技术的研究

介绍了硼酸锂铯(CLBO)晶体的应用前景及在化学机械抛光过程中存在的问题,简要分析了晶体在常温下开裂的机理,选用无水溶剂对晶体进行化学机械抛光以防止加工过程中晶体的潮解开裂。分析了抛光液、压力、温度、pH值参数对抛光过程的影响,通过合适配比使速率可达1.5～2μm/min,且表面质量较好。     

An evaluation of biological and abiotic controls for grapevine powdery mildew. 2. Vineyard trials

Grapevine powdery mildew ( Erysiphe necator) affects grape yield and fruit quality worldwide. Managers of conventional vineyards rely mainly on synthetic fungicides and sulfur to control powdery mildew, while in organic vineyards sulfur is the main control agent, often in rotation with canola-based oils, bicarbonates and biological control agents. The efficacy of those materials has not been evaluated critically under field conditions in Australia. Accordingly, a range of materials showing most promise in previous greenhouse trials (Crisp et al. 2006 Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research 12 , pp. 192–202) were assessed via field trials in commercial vineyards. Applications of either milk or whey (alone, or mixed with a canola oil-based product), as well as applications of potassium bicarbonate (commercial formulation), all reduced the severity of powdery mildew compared with untreated vines. Eight applications of a 1:10 dilution of milk, 45 g/L whey powder or programs comprising rotations of potassium bicarbonate plus oil and whey, applied at 10–14 day intervals, reduced the severity of powdery mildew to levels not significantly different from that on vines sprayed with sulfur (wettable powder, 3–6 g/L). However, the relative control of powdery mildew by the test materials in field trials was dependent on the susceptibility of the grapevine cultivar and the extent of spray coverage achieved. In vineyards where highly susceptible cultivars were planted, and spray coverage was compromised, the resultant control of powdery mildew was reduced; and sometimes to commercially unacceptable levels.     

不同表面预处理对有机电致发光显示器性能的影响

从生产角度研究了基板表面的预处理工艺对OLED性能的影响,分别用UVOzone、氧Plasma以及两者相结合的方式对基板进行表面处理,并按照生产工艺制作器件,从接触角、方阻以及光电特性等测试结果对各种表面处理的样品进行比较。结果表明以上处理都改善了器件性能,不同程度提高了器件的清洁度、亮度和发光效率,其中UVOzone和氧Plasma结合的方式处理效果最为显著,器件在10V时亮度达到79920cd/m2,比其他两种处理方式亮度提高约25%。     

Conventional Electron Microscopy and Electron Holography of Organic Solar Cells

Organic solar cells are a promising route towards large‐area and low‐price photovoltaic systems. The devices are composed of at least two layers: the hole‐transport layer and the electron‐transport layer. The light absorption can occur in one or both layers. At the interface of the layers the excitons are separated into charge carriers, and every layer deals with one type of carrier. Higher efficiencies of the separation process can be obtained by using a mixed layer containing both materials to obtain a very high interface area. Although the structure of the mixed layers used plays a crucial role for the device performance, until now the morphologies have not been elucidated. In order to correlate physical and optical findings with structure and morphology for the materials in question, electron microscopy experiments were performed on the single components as well as on the layer systems. The conventional electron microscope is a poor phase microscope. As consequence, weak‐phase objects like organic molecules have to be stained or imaged under strong defocus to produce an observable contrast. Artifacts caused by chemical staining and the appearance of Fresnel diffraction using the defocus technique represent the main problems of conventional microscopy. These artifacts can be avoided using electron holography. Holograms of ultrathin sections of thin layers composed of organic dye molecules were recorded. Subsequently, the phase images were reconstructed. In this manner, we succeeded in obtaining high‐contrast electron micrographs without applying staining or defocus. In addition, holograms of crystalline C₆₀ and zinc phthalocyanine were successfully recorded. Holography has been shown to be a useful tool to image beam‐sensitive and weak‐phase objects without artifacts.     

Tuning the Dimensions of C60‐Based Needlelike Crystals in Blended Thin Films

A new ordered structure of the C₆₀ derivative PCBM ([6‐6]‐phenyl C₆₁‐butyric acid methyl ester) is obtained in thin films based on the blend PCBM:regioregular P3HT (poly(3‐hexylthiophene)). Rapid formation of needlelike crystalline PCBM structures of a few micrometers up to 100 μm in size is demonstrated by submitting the blended thin films to an appropriate thermal treatment. These structures can grow out to a 2D network of PCBM needles and, in specific cases, to spectacular PCBM fans. Key parameters to tune the dimensions and spatial distribution of the PCBM needles are blend ratio and annealing conditions. The as‐obtained blended films and crystals are probed using atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction, optical microscopy, and confocal fluorescence microscopy. Based on the analytical results, the growth mechanism of the PCBM structures within the film is described in terms of diffusion of PCBM towards the PCBM crystals, leaving highly crystalline P3HT behind in the surrounding matrix.     

巴楚地区中奥陶世生物礁造礁生物特征

研究表明。产礁地层一间房组属于中奥陶统下部，相当于玉山阶中、上部至达瑞威尔阶中下部。首次识别了Calathium、海绵、苔藓虫、有柄棘皮动物、钙藻等5类建礁生物及其生态。其中Calathium为最主要的建礁生物，而Wethredella钙藻类造礁生物为中国首次发现。     

纸浆漂白废水中有机氯化物的排放与控制

本文概述了纸浆漂白废水的特性，以及影响其有机氯化物发生量的因素。