Performance of a combined passive/active solar house

The paper describes a residence designed and built to demonstrate that active and passive solar homes could be economically by conventional home builders. The systems were designed for simplicity and cost effectiveness. The home was built in 56 days with conventional building materials and built by labourers with no particular training in energy efficient building techniques. After one season of operation the energy use data shows impressive performance. The auxiliary fuel requirement for the heating season was only 0.035 MJ/m²°C-day (1.72 Btu/ft²°F-day).

Economically the home is equally impressive. An independent appraiser of the home valued the construction at US $67 500. In reality the home cost US $59 000 including contractor's overhead and profit. Subtracting from this the amount US $4000 for the Federal Solar Tax Credit results in an owner cost of US $55 000.

The project demonstrated that given proper consideration for design, construction techniques, and solar systems integration, a solar structure need not cost more than conventional construction.     

绿色化学和绿色淬火介质

从绿色化学的12条原则出发,分析了绿色淬火介质的生产和使用的重要性.绿色淬火介质是指在满足使用要求的前提下,能被降解且不危害生态环境的淬火介质.矿物油基淬火油在使用中会产生有害物质,且废油难以降解,不属于绿色淬火介质.通过加氢处理、改进添加剂配方及废油再生可以减少矿物油基淬火油对环镜的危害.然而,开发、生产及使用植物油...     

国内外蔬菜工厂化生产的发展

蔬菜工厂化生产是当代世界先进的科学技术。本文介绍蔬菜工厂化生产的主要关键技术——现代化温室群、工厂化育苗和无土栽培的发展状况,并预示我国蔬菜工厂化生产技术的发展趋势。     

改性橡木宛栲胶鞣制牛皮沙发革工艺的探索

探索了用橡Wan栲胶植鞣黄牛皮沙发革的工艺，分析测试了所鞣坯革的物理及感观性能，为植鞣牛皮轻革产品提供了一些理论与实验依据。     

反胶束溶液萃取植物油料中蛋白质的性能研究

对AOT/异辛烷反胶束溶液萃取大豆中的蛋白质的性能进行了研究 .结果表明 :蛋白质的萃取效果取决于反胶束的w0 、水的pH值和KCl浓度 ,且蛋白质是否能进入反胶束内 ,与反胶束的大小无关 ,而主要受极性核内水的性质的影响     

Etude des facteurs d'intensification de l'échange de chaleur dans le refroidissement des fruits et légumesInvestigating the factors for intensifying fruit and vegetable cooling

Increasing the rate of fruit and vegetable cooling is of economic significance for the following reasons: biochemical and microbiological processes are quickly suppressed; surface mass-exchange with ambient air is slowed down; power consumption is reduced, and the freezing output of cooling equipment and installations is increased.It was assumed that the fruits and vegetables in crates were arranged regularly and covered with thin paper of a negligible small thermal resistance in order to eliminate the infiltration of cold air within the layers. Crates were arranged on a pallet so that they touched horizontally. Thus, the packages form plates above and below the cooling air flow. Heat-exchange with a one-dimensional temperature field is established.It was found that intensification of cooling can be achieved by increasing the speed of cooling air as well as by stopping the process at a higher final temperature. Increasing the speed up to 5 m s^?1 shortens the time of the process by a factor of two compared with the low speeds (0.3–0.5 m s^?1) which are normally used. The product can be cooled until the temperature in the layer centre reaches 5°C, and the surface temperature about 2°C, which is low enough. Afterwards the cooled product is transferred to a freezing chamber or to a van-freezer. This factor results in a further halving of the cooling time. The combined effect of the two factors shortens the duration of the process by about 75% and increases the output of the cooling equipment from 3.5 to 4 times.     

我国蔬菜种业发展战略研究

我国是世界第一大蔬菜生产国与消费国,蔬菜种业是确保现代蔬菜产业发展和蔬菜周年均衡供应的重要物质基础。实现蔬菜种业的可持续发展要靠科技创新。我国蔬菜种业发展进入了一个关键的时期。本文分析了我国蔬菜种业与种业科技的现状,对比了国外蔬菜种业发展的情况,针对我国蔬菜种业的主要问题,提出了我国蔬菜种业的发展战略、目标、任务、保障措施和政策建议。     

Detecting vegetable oil adulteration in hazelnut paste (Corylus avellana L.)

The possibilities of detecting hazelnut paste adulterated with refined and non-refined vegetable oils have been studied. Research was focussed mainly on peanut, high oleic-acid sunflower, corn and soybean oils which have a similar composition to hazelnut oil. The analytical procedures to detect fatty acid (FA), triacylglycerol (TAG) and tocopherol profiles as indicators of adulteration were determined. The better indicators experimentally determined were seven FA (palmitic, stearic, linoleic, linolenic, arachidonic, behenic and lignoceric acids) and different TAG with three unsaturated FA (the code letters used for FA are: P = C_16:0; S = C_18:0; O = C_18:1; L = C_18:2;; L_n = C_18:3) (LLL_n, LLL and OOO), two unsaturated FA (POL, PLL and SOO), and one unsaturated FA (PPL). As expected, when refined vegetable oils were added to hazelnut paste, the increment of stigmasta-3,5-diene allowed detection at levels of 2% oil added. Limits of detection were measured using standard and adulterated hazelnut with different amounts of non-refined vegetable oils added (5%, 10%, 20% and 30%). The distribution of tocopherols and tocotrienols is highly useful, except in the case of added sunflower oil. The differences between the experimental and theoretical values of the TAG with equivalent carbon number (ΔECN) of 42 does not improve the detection limit of hazelnut paste adulterated with peanut or sunflower oils. Similarly, tocopherols usually added to refined vegetable oils as an antioxidant were also determined.     

植物油酸值、过氧化值的测定方法研究

为解决国标法测定植物油酸值、过氧化值溶剂安全性问题，以核桃油为实验材料，建立以更安全且容易获取的石油醚、二氯甲烷分别代替GB 5009.229—2016和GB 5009.227—2016中乙醚、三氯甲烷，测定植物油的酸值和过氧化值的方法，考察方法的精密度,采用国标法和所建立方法测定4种植物油的酸值、过氧化值，并对结果进行t检验，考察方法的准确度。结果表明：所建立方法平行测定了6次核桃油的酸值、过氧化值，其相对标准偏差（RSD）分别为2.055%、1.318%；国标法和本实验方法同时测定4种植物油的酸值、过氧化值p值均大于0.05，两种方法不存在显著性差异。所建立的方法精密度和准确度均较好，并且提高了检测安全性，可用于植物油的酸值和过氧化值测定。     

Effect of Tissue Infrastructure on Electric Conductance of Vegetable Stems

ABSTRACT: This study measures the electric conductance and examines the microscopic structure of bamboo shoots, sugarcane, lettuce stem, and mustard stem. The electric conductance readings vary from 0.09 S/m to 0.72 S/m across the stem, and from 0.19 S/m to 0.46 S/m along the stem. The electric conductance along the stem is higher than the electric conductance across the stem in bamboo shoots and sugarcane, while the reverse is true in lettuce stem and mustard stem. The orientation of vascular bundles and the shape of parenchyma cells are proposed to account for the different conductance readings from the same vegetable in different directions. The orientation of vascular bundles appear to influence electric conductance more than the shape of parenchyma cells when both factors are present in the same time.