Smart City L’Aquila: An Application of the “Infostructure” Approach to Public Urban Mobility in a Post-Disaster Context

Ever since the earthquake of April 6, 2009 hit the city of L’Aquila, Italy, the city has been facing major challenges in terms of social, physical, and economic reconstruction. The system of public urban mobility, the bus network, is no exception with its old bus fleet, non-user-friendly information, and poor scheduling. This paper argues that the public transportation system of L’Aquila could be improved towards smart mobility models without large infrastructure investment by leveraging the “infostructure” approach, digital technologies, open data, and open source software. This work presents the digitization and geo-referencing procedure, software architecture, and the web and mobile apps that have been developed to improve the information flow available to citizens and to increase the user-friendliness of the transportation system. Future research will seek to make use of the data and develop applications to perform a public transport accessibility analysis of major points of interest throughout the city.     

A hierarchy of measures for infrastructure resilience – learning from post-disaster reconstruction in Christchurch,New Zealand

Recent research into the concept of resilience has shown that it helps key players in urban development to assess and set priorities for resistance and recovery for disaster risk management. However, a competing issue within post-disaster recovery is managing the trade-offs between quickly restoring infrastructure services versus taking time to consider and consult on alternative options. Through an examination of the post-earthquake reconstruction in Christchurch, New Zealand, this paper considers infrastructure resilience by using a hierarchy of measures. This hierarchy shows how infrastructure resilience needs to be considered as a series of interventions in response to different levels of damage. It elucidates the varying nature of resilience measures, the decision-making processes required to implement them and constraints, chiefly in funding, that prevent wider application of such measures. This is an important consideration for defining and acting upon the opportunity for change created by a disaster. Furthermore, a broader examination of resilience in disaster risk management highlights that clarification is needed over what constitutes an appropriate response for community involvement in post-disaster infrastructure reconstruction.     

The Evolution of the Federal Role in Supporting Community Recovery After U.S. Disasters

Problem, research strategy, and findings: The process of long-term recovery, if done well, can minimize post-disaster disruption, address problems that existed before the disaster struck, and improve the future resilience of a community. The U.S. government, however, historically has lacked a systematic approach to supporting community recovery. This study describes the history of federal policies for supporting community recovery after disasters, with particular attention to the roles of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). We conclude by considering the new National Disaster Recovery Framework (NDRF). This historical review suggests that the federal government needs to emphasize the following: providing resources for community recovery planning; facilitating increased flows of information after disasters; streamlining FEMA assistance to public agencies; explicitly working to reduce the barriers between FEMA and HUD; and incorporating equity into recovery policies. Recovery policies also need to include incentives to achieve substantive goals of rebuilding in a way that is sustainable, equitable, cost-effective, and timely, and that reduces the chances of future disasters.

Takeaway for practice: Local community planners can draw several lessons from this historical account. First, they should become aware of the various post-disaster programs now, before disaster strikes. Second, knowledge of post-disaster policies and programs will enable planners to use them creatively and effectively if disaster strikes. Third, in the midst of reconstruction, planners need to continually seek opportunities to promote betterment and resilience to natural hazards.     

灾后重建高层住宅楼在复杂施工环境下的桩型选择

结合项目所在地区的实际情况,通过将技术、经济和施工环境等方面综合比较,对成县厂坝铅锌矿"8·12"灾后重建住宅楼项目的桩型选择进行了介绍,结果表明,桩型Ⅲ为最佳选择。     

校园建筑安全与疏散避难空间研究

四川汶川地震校园建筑安全令世人瞩目,在联合国教科文组织提供的若干份报告中都明示：面对威胁学生生命的某些校园,杀人的不是地震,而是倒塌的建筑。本文围绕国内外校园建筑安全的实际,综述了发达国家保障校园建筑安全的作法,并探讨了构建校园疏散避难空间的技术对策。     

灾后废旧水泥混凝土全再生利用技术研究

为了完全再生利用灾后产生的大量废旧水泥混凝土(WCC),研究再生混凝土(RC)、水泥稳定水泥混凝土废料基层材料(CCBM)的物理力学性能、耐久性、结构及机理.结果表明:RC含气量可达4.7%,维勃稠度达10～15 s,28 d抗折、抗压强度分别在6 MPa、56 MPa以上,抗渗等级在S40以上,氯离子渗透性低.RC结构包括骨料、新、旧砂浆、骨料与新、旧砂浆过渡区、新旧砂浆过渡区六相,骨料新砂浆、新旧砂浆过渡区结构致密,骨料旧砂浆界面处有裂缝,通过骨料预吸水、掺粉煤厌和外加剂改善了RC的性能.4%、5%、6%、7%水泥剂量CCBM的7 d无侧限抗压强度达3.01 MPa、3.94 MPa、4.75 MPa和4.98 MPa,5次冻融循环后CCBM的BDR值大于80%,满足道路基层强度和抗冻耐久性要求.因而,"RC+CCBM"全再生利用技术可对灾后大量WCC进行100%的资源化利用.     

地震灾后临时安置房颜色选择

从心理学的角度,色彩具有一定的精神价值,人们可以感受到色彩对自已心理的影响.2008年汶川地震后,中国政府在最短时问内搭建了大量的过渡安置房,灾民生活空间中颜色的合理选择和搭配对灾民的心理重建起到一定的辅助作用.本文就灾后临时安置房外观颜色选择及搭配进行了详细论述.     

木结构建筑在灾后重建中的应用（地震特刊）

为了解决灾后重建中大量永久性建筑的建设问题,通过实验室测试和工程实例检验,提出了针对四川灾区的木结构建筑应用技术和实践示范。实测资料结果表明,四川传统木构建筑的常用围护结构（单层竹泥混合墙体）传热系数为4.59「W/ｍ2•K」,保温隔热效果较差。而采用新工艺制作的改进木构建筑围护结构传热系数在2.1~2.3「W/ｍ2•K」之间,居住舒适性更好。并且,由于构造技术和施工工艺改进,新型木构建筑,抗震性能更佳,建设周期和成本也低于一般砖混结构建筑,较适于在灾后重建中应用。     

近年电网冰灾事故分析及抗防对策

通过对电线覆冰机理的分析, 弄清电网冰灾事故的原因主要跟环境气象特征、地形特征与电线本身的特性有很大关系。从而查找事故源头, 提出电网冰灾事故的抗防措施和理论研究方向。灾后, 应慎重制定灾害抢险与灾后恢复方案, 周密部署, 避免不必要的损失; 还应收集、整理冰灾数据, 建立档案, 制定区域的冰区分布图, 为覆冰设计研究和电网运行积累资料。     

智能探路小车的制作

本文介绍的是一种具有集环境条件收集、环境因素判断、远程控制,实现实物采样、环境分析、智能避障、科学勘探、恶劣环境工作灾后救援等功能集一身的智能探路小车。在系统设计方面,该车以arduino为控制核心,以GT-38通讯模块,GT-U7 GPS模块,BT-06蓝牙模块,KB-03传感器模块,温湿度DHT11模块,HC-SR501人体感应模块为感应元件的智能探路小车模型,随着传感技术的发展和进步,智能化探路小车已经向实用化、智能化、系列化等方向发展,智能技术也广泛应用于各个领域。