Analysing interactive devices based on information resource constraints

Analysis of the usability of an interactive system requires both an understanding of how the system is to be used and a means of assessing the system against that understanding. Such analytic assessments are particularly important in safety-critical systems as latent vulnerabilities may exist which have negative consequences only in certain circumstances. Many existing approaches to assessment use tasks or scenarios to provide explicit representation of their understanding of use. These normative user behaviours have the advantage that they clarify assumptions about how the system will be used but have the disadvantage that they may exclude many plausible deviations from these norms. Assessments of how a design fails to support these user behaviours can be a matter of judgement based on individual experience rather than evidence. We present a systematic formal method for analysing interactive systems that is based on constraints rather than prescribed behaviour. These constraints capture precise assumptions about what information resources are used to perform action. These resources may either reside in the system itself or be external to the system. The approach is applied to two different medical device designs, comparing two infusion pumps currently in common use in hospitals. Comparison of the two devices is based on these resource assumptions to assess consistency of interaction within the design of each device.     

指数曲线贮仓的设计剖析

贮仓是许多工业过程中的常用设备，起拱是贮仓使用时常出现的故障，如何解决起拱问题是贮仓设计的关键，除常采取增大仓壁倾角、设置破拱装置等方法外，设计成曲线贮仓也是行之有效的措施之一。分析了指数曲线贮仓的工作原理和特点，建立了仓壁指数曲线方程，阐述了设计步骤与注意事项，并举例说明。     

涂料剖析

简要分析了不同涂料体系分析程序,说明了每种涂料剖析体系中应该注意的事项。     

民间传统御寒器具——火桶设计研究

＂火桶＂是南方传统的御寒器物,它具有造型简单,取材方便,功能实用多样的特点,凝聚了民间朴素造物的思想。同时,火桶所具有着深厚的人文特点和文化内涵。文章以黔东南镇远地区民间火桶为例,分析其形态、结构、功能及人机关系等内容,探究民间造物的设计巧思。     

Evolution of chemistry and morphology during the carbonization and combustion of rice husk

Both fine carbon/silica and pure silica powders can be obtained by carbonization and combustion of rice husk under non-isothermal conditions, and the products can be used for preparation of high-quality ceramic materials. Studies on the morphology, chemical and physical characteristics of products were carried out by N₂-adsorptionmeter, SEM, XRD, FTIR, ICP-MS and EA. Results indicate that decreasing the heating rate increased the specific surface area, pore volume and pore diameter. At a heating rate of 5 °C/min, the specific surface areas of both the carbon/silica and pure silica powders were 261 and 235 m²/g, and the average pore diameters were 2.2 and 5.4 nm, respectively. The products obtained from various heating rates were all amorphous. Thermogravimetric analysis was employed to study the reaction characteristics during carbonization or combustion, indicating that decomposition process of rice husk could be divided into three temperature zones. This results of the study can also provide the important information on the recovery of biomass material from rice husk.     

乙烯分离技术分析

从技术先进性、能耗、流程复杂性和运行稳定性等诸多方面对占据乙烯市场的三大分离技术进行了分析。并认为用户在选择分离技术时应综合考虑各方面因素，把握重点，选择出适合的技术。     

橡胶模型制品胶坯精密预成型机

介绍了橡胶工业橡制品生产中胶坯制备的三种方法，其中详细介绍了精密预成型机制备胶坯。以上海德仁橡塑机械有限公司物精密预成型机为例，从结构，性能及工艺参数等方面进行了分析，说明精密预成型机是批量生产橡胶模型制品的一种得力辅助设备。     

Direct Measurement of Transformation Zone Strains in Toughened Zirconia

Residual strains responsible for crack tip shielding have been measured within transformation zones surrounding cracks in Mg-PSZ. Two techniques were used for strain measurement: moiré interferometry and high-resolution image matching. Both methods provide maps of differential in-plane displacements within the specimen surface intersected by the crack, the latter method with the higher resolution. The results are compared with finite-element analysis to assess surface relaxation effects, and the measured strains are used to evaluate the crack tip shielding stress intensity factor. Calculations based on the assumption that the unconstrained transformation strain is hydrostatic dilatation yielded results that were significantly smaller than the measured toughness increases.     

关于控制氯代烃的政策选择

本文分析了氯代烃的生产所引起的环境问题,并提出了减少氯代烃环境影响的政策选择的基本原则。