Cysteine tagging for MS-based proteomics

Amino acid-tagging strategies are widespread in proteomics. Because of the central role of mass spectrometry (MS) as a detection technique in protein sciences, the term "mass tagging" was coined to describe the attachment of a label, which serves MS analysis and/or adds analytical value to the measurements. These so-called mass tags can be used for separation, enrichment, detection, and quantitation of peptides and proteins. In this context, cysteine is a frequent target for modifications because the thiol function can react specifically by nucleophilic substitution or addition. Furthermore, cysteines present natural modifications of biological importance and a low occurrence in the proteome that justify the development of strategies to specifically target them in peptides or proteins. In the present review, the mass-tagging methods directed to cysteine residues are comprehensively discussed, and the advantages and drawbacks of these strategies are addressed. Some concrete applications are given to underline the relevance of cysteine-tagging techniques for MS-based proteomics.     

An optimal range of information quantity on computer-based procedure interface design in the advanced main control room

The quantification of information in the interface design is a critical issue. Too much information on an interface can confuse a user while executing a task, and too little information may result in poor user performance. This study focused on the quantification of visible information on computer-based procedures (CBPs). Levels of information quantity and task complexity were considered in this experiment. Simulated CBPs were developed to consist of three levels: high (at least 10 events, i.e. 3.32 bits), medium (4–8 events, i.e. 2–3 bits), and low information quantity (1 or 2 events, i.e. 0 or 1 bits). Task complexity comprised two levels: complex tasks and simple tasks. The dependent variables include operation time, secondary task performance, and mental workload. Results suggested that medium information quantity of five to eight events has a remarkable advantage in supporting operator performance under both simple and complex tasks. This research not only suggested the appropriate range of information quantity on the CBP interface, but also complemented certain deficient results of previous CBP interface design studies. Additionally, based on results obtained by this study, the quantification of information on the CBP interface should be considered to ensure safe operation of nuclear power plants.     

基于样本密度和分类误差率的增量学习矢量量化算法研究

作为一种简单而成熟的分类方法, K最近邻(K nearest neighbor, KNN)算法在数据挖掘、模式识别等领域获得了广泛的应用, 但仍存在计算量大、高空间消耗、运行时间长等问题. 针对这些问题, 本文在增量学习型矢量量化(Incremental learning vector quantization, ILVQ)的单层竞争学习基础上, 融合样本密度和分类误差率的邻域思想, 提出了一种新的增量学习型矢量量化方法, 通过竞争学习策略对代表点邻域实现自适应增删、合并、分裂等操作, 快速获取原始数据集的原型集, 进而在保障分类精度基础上, 达到对大规模数据的高压缩效应. 此外, 对传统近邻分类算法进行了改进, 将原型近邻集的样本密度和分类误差率纳入到近邻判决准则中. 所提出算法通过单遍扫描学习训练集可快速生成有效的代表原型集, 具有较好的通用性. 实验结果表明, 该方法同其他算法相比较, 不仅可以保持甚至提高分类的准确性和压缩比, 且具有快速分类的优势.     

Characterisation of the Essential Oils of some Cultivated Aromatic Plants of Industrial Interest

The compositions of the essential oils of Rosmarinus officinalis L, Salvia lavandulifolia V and Lavandula latifolia M, obtained by steam distillation from plants cultivated in the northeast of Spain, have been studied by gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The essential oil of rosemary appears to be more complex and richer in flavour notes than other previously studied Spanish rosemary oils, and has an intermediate ratio of α-pinene and of 1,8-cineole in relation to essential oils of rosemary of different geographical origins, but higher proportions of camphor, verbenone and linalool. The essential oil of sage has proportions of 1,8-cineole, camphor, endo-borneol, trans-caryophyllene and α-humulene closer to commercial Salvia officinalis L than to other Spanish sages of different geographical locations, and the difference from commercial Salvia officinalis L is due principally to the higher ratio of terpene hydrocarbons and the lower proportion of thujone in the Spanish sage studied here. The essential oil of the spike lavender has the same main components and similar proportions as other Spanish wild and commercial spike lavender essen-tial oils, but shows differences in the nature of the minor components (rhodinol fraction).     

基于自然影响因子的长江口港口岸线资源评价

港口航运的发展是关系着上海市能否成为世界物流中心的关键,港口岸线是上海市航运发展的宝贵资源。在分析评价的过程中,将上海市岸线分为河口岸线、海岸线和滩涂岸线,利用近年来的实测自然环境数据并结合社会影响因素,选取了岸前水深、潮差、岸线稳定性、坡度、工程地质、生态环境、海域通航、陆域纵深和交通便捷度共9个主要影响因子进行了研究讨论。根据研讨结果,对上海市港口岸线资源进行了综合评价,并对上海市四大滩涂的建港适宜性分别进行了分析,从而确定了上海市五大主要港口岸线资源,包括河口岸线上海市北岸新陆村-川沙新镇段、长兴岛南沿石沙村-庆丰村段及崇明岛南沿城桥村-奚东沙段;海岸线杭州湾渔业村-芦潮港段;滩涂岸线横沙东滩段。研究结果可为上海市未来港口规划和土地利用提供导向性建议。     

城市照明规划研究(英文)

文章通过对城市照明总体规划、城市照明详细规划设计内容的确定,结合实践中的认识,对城市照明总体规划、城市照明详细规划设计及城市照明规划的定量方面进行了研究。     

利用数量化理论预测瓦斯含量时反应度的取值方法

讨论了数量化理论在进行瓦斯含量预测时类目之反应的取值问题 ,提出了反应度的概念 ,并进行了数学证明 .用改进后的数量化理论在山东省新汶矿区瓦斯地质规律研究项目中进行应用时 ,收到了很好的效果 .以新汶矿区的斜庄煤矿为例 ,用反应度的方法对影响瓦斯含量的敏感指标进行了取值 ,并对该矿 1 1煤层的未采区进行了瓦斯含量预测 ,经实践性检验 ,取得了比较可靠的预测结果 .     

基于冲击能量大小的冲击力位置识别方法

冲击力识别的一个重要课题就是冲击力点位置的识别。准确地识别冲击载荷位置有助于确定结构的损伤范围,从而加速对其重点部位的健康监测。虽然截止到目前已经有一些冲击力识别的技术,但是这些方法有的需要大量的训练数据,有的需要大量的计算,还有的方法对边界条件非常敏感。本文通过建立冲击力和冲击响应之间的关系,获得压电信号与能量大小之间的关系。通过能量的信息获得冲击力的力点和冲击能量,从而轻松的实现了对力点的定位。该方法可以实现任意冲击力在任意位置的识别,最后的仿真结果很好的证明了该方法是一个简单、有效的计算方法。     

钛合金缺陷相控阵超声衍射波定量方法

针对传统衍射波设置法受散射杂波干扰难以进行钛合金缺陷定量的问题,分析了体积型缺陷和面积型缺陷的超声衍射波信号特点,并通过试验测试了钛合金材料的衍射波信号特征,提出了基于相控阵超声的高信噪比衍射波定量方案。制备了不同尺寸的长横孔试块和通槽试块,分别模拟体积型缺陷和面积型缺陷,测试试验定量。结果表明,采用相控阵超声衍射波定量方法对两种类型缺陷的定量精度均达到了1 mm以内。相控阵超声衍射波定量法操作简单,可为钛合金缺陷定量提供新的思路。