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101.
Ionic liquids as electrolytes 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Salts having a low melting point are liquid at room temperature, or even below, and form a new class of liquids usually called room temperature ionic liquids (RTIL). Information about RTILs can be found in the literature with such key words as: room temperature molten salt, low-temperature molten salt, ambient-temperature molten salt, liquid organic salt or simply ionic liquid. Their physicochemical properties are the same as high temperature ionic liquids, but the practical aspects of their maintenance or handling are different enough to merit a distinction. The class of ionic liquids, based on tetraalkylammonium cation and chloroaluminate anion, has been extensively studied since late 1970s of the XX century, following the works of Osteryoung. Systematic research on the application of chloroaluminate ionic liquids as solvents was performed in 1980s. However, ionic liquids based on aluminium halides are moisture sensitive. During the last decade an increasing number of new ionic liquids have been prepared and used as solvents. The general aim of this paper was to review the physical and chemical properties of RTILs from the point of view of their possible application as electrolytes in electrochemical processes and devices. The following points are discussed: melting and freezing, conductivity, viscosity, temperature dependence of conductivity, transport and transference numbers, electrochemical stability, possible application in aluminium electroplating, lithium batteries and in electrochemical capacitors. 相似文献
102.
This article investigates the basic combustion parameters including start of the ignition timing, burn duration, cycle-to-cycle variation, and carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbon (UHC), and nitric oxide (NOx) emissions of homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines fueled with primary reference fuels (PRFs) and their mixtures. Two primary reference fuels, n-heptane and iso-octane, and their blends with RON25, RON50, RON75, and RON90 were evaluated. The experimental results show that, in the first-stage combustion, the start of ignition retards, the maximum heat release rate decreases, and the pressure rising and the temperature rising during the first-stage combustion decrease with the increase of the research octane number (RON). Furthermore, the cumulative heat release in the first-stage combustion is strongly dependent on the concentration of n-heptane in the mixture. The start of ignition of the second-stage combustion is linear with the start of ignition of the first-stage. The combustion duration of the second-stage combustion decreases with the increase of the equivalence ration and the decrease of the octane number. The cycle-to-cycle variation improved with the decrease of the octane number. 相似文献
103.
104.
Sibel Irmak Halil Ibrahim Yavuz Oktay Erbatur 《Applied catalysis. B, Environmental》2006,63(3-4):243-248
Degradation of 4-chloro-2-methylphenol (PCOC), a refractory toxic chemical emitted to the environment from the industrial production of phenoxy herbicides was studied in aqueous solution. Electro-Fenton and photoelectro-Fenton processes were used as the degradation methods. H2O2, produced by the reduction of oxygen at carbon cathode reacted with dissolved metal ions to form hydroxyl radicals, which in turn reacted with PCOC sequentially to degrade the aromatic ring. The effects of using different [Fe2+]/[PCOC]0 and the effect of replacing Fe2+ by Mn2+ ion have been examined. It was found that degradation rate was increased with increasing [Fe2+]/[PCOC]0 ratio from 2 to 4. However, the total charge utilized during the treatment was also increased. The efficiency of PCOC degradation was observed to be higher when Mn2+ was used as the catalyst. The mineralization of aqueous solutions of PCOC, withdrawn from the reactor at certain time interval, has been followed by total organic carbon (TOC) decay and dechlorination. A fast and complete degradation of the aromatic ring was achieved in photoelectro-Fenton system. 41.7% TOC decay and complete dechlorination were observed by consuming only 141.4 C electrical charge during a 300 min photoelectron-Fenton treatment. In the case of electro-Fenton system, 280.7 C electrical charge was consumed during 450 min of electrolysis to attain a similar degradation of PCOC. 14.9% TOC removal and 89.3% dechlorination have been obtained in this system under the applied conditions. 相似文献
105.
106.
氨纶用聚酯二醇的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文研究了聚酯二醇的生产工艺,重点研究了反应温度对生产工艺的影响以及原料已二酸与二元醇的投料比对产品酸值和羟值的影响,催化剂对产品质量的影响,并对产品着色原因进行了探讨。 相似文献
107.
108.
提出了喷射载冷剂HCFC123动态制冰的基本原理和制取冰浆的方法,分析了乙二醇、Tween-80、十二烷基硫酸钠及十二烷基硫酸钠+丙三醇复配溶液等4种添加剂在制取冰浆过程中的特点,以冰浆的流动性、含冰率(IPF)、HCHFC123能否从冰浆和含添加剂的溶液中析出作为判断依据,找到了十二烷基硫酸钠和丙三醇复配溶液是制取冰浆的最佳添加剂。 相似文献
109.
荷电状态(SOC)是动力锂电池的重要参数.针对安时法估计锂电池SOC存在累积误差,其他估计算法复杂度较高的问题,提出一种工程实用的SOC估计方法.该方法通过分析电池特性并结合安时法,建立了SOC初始值、总容量和累积误差的校准方法.通过建立终端电压与SOC之间的映射关系,利用恒流、恒压不同充电阶段的电池特性,实现了电池系统在一个放电周期内的SOC高精度估计.实验表明,该方法能够使得SOC的估计误差在5%以内. 相似文献
110.
芘四硫酸四钠盐/甲基紫精复合物光物理性质的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文通过吸收光谱滴定和时间分辨瞬态吸收光谱对芘四硫酸四钠盐(pyrenetetrasulfonicacidtetrasodiumsalt,PyTS)/甲基紫精(methylviologen,MV2+)复合物在水溶液中的光物理性质进行研究.用甲基紫精滴定芘四硫酸四钠盐时,得到该复合物的组成成份是1∶1,反之,用芘四硫酸四钠盐滴定甲基紫精时,同样得到1∶1组成成份的复合物.该复合物的形成常数是2.4×106mol-1·L,当用光激发该复合物时,发现其中存在芘四硫酸四钠盐到甲基紫精的电子转移过程,并得到该过程的动力学模型. 相似文献