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1.
2.
Aiming to environment protection, green solvents are crucial for commercialization of solution-processed optoelectronic devices. In this work, d-limonene, a natural product, was introduced as the non-aromatic and non-chlorinated solvent for processing of polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs) and organic field effect transistors (OFETs). It was found that d-limonene could be a good solvent for a blue-emitting polyfluorene-based random copolymer for PLEDs and an alternating copolymer FBT-Th4(1,4) with high hole mobility (μh) for OFETs. In comparisons to routine solvent-casted films of the two conjugated polymers, the resulting d-limonene-deposited films could show comparable film qualities, based on UV–vis absorption spectra and observations by atomic force microscopy (AFM). With d-limonene as the processing solvent, efficient blue PLEDs with CIE coordinates of (0.16, 0.16), maximum external quantum efficiency of 3.57%, and luminous efficiency of 3.66 cd/A, and OFETs with outstanding μh of 1.06 cm2 (V s)−1 were demonstrated. Our results suggest that d-limonene would be a promising non-aromatic and non-chlorinated solvent for solution processing of conjugated polymers and molecules for optoelectronic device applications. 相似文献
3.
Toshihiko Hoshide Junpei Fujita 《Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance》2008,17(5):627-632
Strength of ground ceramics may be affected by residual stress as well as surface flaws induced by grinding. Strength prediction
for ground ceramics is convenient for mechanical design of ceramic components. In this article, a numerical procedure based
on fracture mechanics was proposed to estimate strength distribution of ground ceramics by considering grinding-induced residual
stress. Bending strength and residual stress of ground ceramics were measured for three grinding-conditions. By comparison
of simulated results with experimental ones, it was revealed that strength characteristics in experiments were well simulated
by using the proposed procedure. 相似文献
4.
Yu‐Qing Cao Zhan Zhang Yan‐Xin Guo 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2008,83(10):1441-1444
A new efficient method for synthesising nitriles, important organic reagents, is reported in this paper. In an environmentally benign solvent‐free system, aryl carboxylic acids were converted into the corresponding nitriles via one‐pot reactions, by amidation with ethyl carbamate followed by dehydration with thionyl chloride, in excellent yields. The results showed that the method has the advantages of lower cost, higher yield, less pollution and greater ease of work‐up. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
5.
Residual stress as measured quantity in quality assurance The x‐ray method is used in the Volkswagen Automotive Group at different world‐wide locations as a standard procedure to determine residual stress. As an important measured quantity in the quality assurance residual stresses are specified in drawings of different components (e.g. gears, coil springs). Measurements are carried out during quality assurance, production, damage analyse, technical development department and design control of components from suppliers. An optimum efficiency can be achieved, if it exists a unique correlation between residual stress values and loading capacity of components, and if the processes to introduce residual stress can be optimized using residual stress measurements during the production. 相似文献
6.
Stepanov G. V. Kharchenko V. V. Babutskii A. I. Romanov S. V. Feofentov N. A. Kravchenko I. V. 《Strength of Materials》2004,36(3):321-326
The procedure for calculating the life of header – steam generator connector weld joints is proposed. It allows for running out the material plasticity reserve upon static cyclic elastoplastic loading as well as operating conditions, local stress concentrations, and residual stresses after welding. 相似文献
7.
KS Atia AI El‐Batal 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2005,80(7):805-811
Glucose oxidase (EC 1.1.3.4) was immobilized on different polymeric materials using different immobilization techniques (entrapping by γ‐irradiation, and covalent binding using epichlorohydrin). Studies were carried out to increase the thermal stability of glucose oxidase (GOD) for different applications. The activity and stability of the resulting biopolymers have been compared with those of free GOD. The effect of different polyvinyl alcohol/polyacrylamide (PVA/PAAm) compositions of the copolymer carrier on the enzymatic activity of the immobilized GOD was studied. The maximum enzymatic activity was obtained with the composition ratio of PVA/PAAm of 60:40. The behaviour of the free and immobilized enzyme was analysed as a function of pH. A broadening in the pH profile (5.5–8) was observed for immobilized preparations. The activity and stability of the resulting biopolymers produced by immobilization of GOD onto different carriers have been compared, in both aqueous and organic media, with those of the free GOD. The enzyme's tolerance toward both heat and organic solvent was enhanced by immobilization onto polymers. The addition of different concentrations of organic solvents (10–50%, v/v) to the enzyme at higher temperature (60 °C) was found to stabilize the enzyme molecule. The strongest stabilizing effect on the enzymatic activity was achieved at a concentration of 10%. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
8.
9.
Tadashi Hano Michiaki Matsumoto Takahisa Kawazu Takaaki Ohtake 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》1995,62(1):60-63
The extraction equilibria of various di- and tripeptides with di-2-ethylhexylphosphoric acid (D2EHPA) were studied at low pH values. The complex extracted to organic phase consisted of one molecule of peptide and two molecules of D2EHPA dimer. The extraction constants of the peptides correlated well with the distribution coefficients of peptides between 1-octanol and water, which is a measure of hydrophobicity. The permeation rates of peptides through an emulsion liquid membrane were examined by using D2EHPA as a carrier, Span 80 as an emulsifier and kerosene as a diluent. The rates varied considerably with peptide type, depending upon the hydrophobicity. 相似文献
10.
In this study, distribution and history of residual stresses in plaque-like geometries are simulated based on linear thermoviscoelastic
model, which helps to understand the mechanics and evolution of the residual stresses in the injection molding process. The
numerical calculation of direction, combined with the specified boundary conditions. Results show that the stress variation
across the thickness exhibits a high surface tensile value changing to a compressive peak value close to the surface, with
the core region experiencing a parabolic tensile peak. Residual stress distribution throughout the thickness is almost same
along the flowpath and the final residual stresses value near the gate is lower than the value near the end of flowpath. 相似文献