熔融缩聚法合成的聚乳酸熔体的流变性能研究

采用锥板流变仪研究聚L-乳酸(PLLA)的流变性能,并对直接法熔融缩聚制备的聚乳酸进行了测试。结果表明:PLLA熔体属于切力变稀流体;PLLA熔体的表观粘流活化能较高,其表观黏度对温度的敏感性高。     

一种水基抗温钻井液的高温流变性研究

钻井液的高温流变性对于深井、超深井快速、安全地钻进具有重要影响,而高温老化冷却后测定的钻井液流变性能并不能代表高温条件下的流变性能。因此采用Fann50SL型高温高压流变仪对抗高温水基钻井液体系的高温流变性进行了研究,求得其流变参数,最高实验温度达到了220℃。综合考察了温度、密度、聚合醇、聚合物和盐等因素对钻井液体系流变性的影响。结果表明,塑性黏度与温度间遵从二次函数关系,温度升高,塑性黏度呈指数规律下降,且体系的密度越大,受温度的影响越大;在低温段(~150℃)加入聚合醇和聚合物会对体系流变性产生明显影响,高温段(150~220℃)影响较小;盐对高密度钻井液体系流变性的影响明显大于低密度钻井液体系。该研究可为现场施工中钻井液体系流变性的调控提供指导。     

Performance of the Helical Screw Rheometer for Fluid Food Suspensions

The Helical Screw Rheometer (HSR) consists of a helical screw enclosed in a tight fitting cylinder. When the screw is rotated with the system closed it generates a linearly increasing pressure differential along the axis of the screw. The pressure is proportional to the viscosity of a Newtonian fluid. Viscosity of standard Newtonian fluids measured using the HSR correlated well with measurements on a rotational rheometer with cone and plate fixtures. HSR data on non-Newtonian suspensions analyzed with a power law model (σ= mγ^a) did not agree as well with results from cone and plate fiiures on the rotational rheometer.     

HDPE8200B非牛顿指数的测定

使用最小挤出速度为０．５ｍｍ／ｍｉｎ的毛细管流变仪，参考日本ＭＰＣ试验方法，通过改变仪器的试验温度（由２５０℃改为２８５℃），可测得８２００Ｂ的非牛顿指数。数据可靠，方法可行。     

基于流变仪的高精度宽调速永磁同步驱动系统

为了确保钻井液流变仪的测试系统能够在恶劣环境下正常工作,设计了一种能够在宽广范围内速度连续可调且速度分辨率高的驱动系统.在电机本体方面采用分数槽结构,通过选取合适的极槽配合并对气隙磁密波形进行优化以削减其谐波含量及电机的齿槽效应,提高电机的速度分辨率和运行平稳性.在控制方面采用恒压频比控制方式,同时结合无位置传感器控制算法与空间矢量脉宽调制技术,以提高系统开环控制精度.基于所建立的电机及其控制系统的耦合仿真模型进行的分析表明:对分数槽电机系统的动态特性进行优化后,可使得电机在较宽的转速范围内平稳运行且具有很高的速度分辨率,能够满足流变仪对驱动系统的要求.     

Solvent‐free polymer emulsification inside a twin‐screw extruder

Solvent‐free extrusion emulsification (SFEE) is new technique for a twin‐screw extruder to prepare submicron‐sized particles (100–500 nm) without using hazardous solvents. The particle size is reliant upon the thickness of striated lamellae, which can be monitored rheologically based on the viscosity change occurring at the SFEE process. The lamellae coarsening rate is predominantly affected by the interfacial energy of the system when a surfactant is added but shows stronger dependency on viscosity change when interfacial growth between the polymer and water phases is solely determined by the end‐groups conversion into carboxylate species. For this latter case, the dissolution of the sodium hydroxide species and the kinetics of end‐groups conversion prove to be rate‐limiting phenomena to generating thinner striated lamellae. Additionally, the ionic strength of the system is notably important to the viscosity response and particle size produced, particularly when surfactant is not added. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 2113–2123, 2018     

Fatigue resistance investigation of warm‐mix recycled asphalt binder,mastic, and fine aggregate matrix

Fatigue cracking is one of the primary distresses in warm‐mix recycled asphalt pavements. This paper evaluates the fatigue resistance evolution of warm‐mix recycled asphalt materials in different scales during the service period. The strain sweep test and time sweep test were performed, respectively, by dynamic shear rheometer to determine the linear viscoelastic limits and to characterize the fatigue behavior of warm‐mix recycled asphalt binder, mastic, and fine aggregate matrix with different ageing levels and recycling plans. The dissipated energy method was used to define the failure criterion and to construct the fatigue model. Effects of ageing levels and recycling plans on stiffness and fatigue resistance were investigated. Performance correlations among warm‐mix recycled asphalt binder, mastic, and fine aggregate matrix were developed, respectively, by the statistical method to determine the critical material scale for stiffness and fatigue resistance.     

基于分数阶黏弹性模型的温拌改性沥青低温性能

基于分数阶黏弹性模型,通过低温弯曲梁流变试验（BBR）分析RH和Evotherm温拌剂对苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物（SBS）改性沥青低温性能的影响。结果表明：利用BBR试验数据拟合出的分数阶黏弹性模型参数可较好地预估温拌改性沥青的蠕变柔量和蠕变速率; RH温拌剂可以提高SBS改性沥青的阻尼比和耗散能比,但Evotherm温拌剂在低于-18℃时不能够提高;因7种沥青按照阻尼比和耗散能比排序相同,故也可以将阻尼比作为温拌改性沥青低温性能的一种评价指标; RH可以改善沥青的蠕变柔量,提高黏性流动柔量,且掺量越高改善效果越好,但不能提高黏弹性比,故不能用黏弹性比评价温拌SBS改性沥青的低温性能,而Evotherm温拌剂的规律性不强;两种温拌剂都在低于-24℃时对SBS改性沥青的低温性能改善不佳。     

麦草浆黑液燃烧法除硅研究

研究了硫酸铝对麦草浆浓黑液理化性能及除硅效果的影响.实验结果表明,铝盐有利于提高浓黑液膨胀率,在添加量为3%时达到了最大值64.19%;流变仪检测表明,在高温下铝盐添加量对浓黑液的黏度几乎没有影响,可在110℃输送浓黑液;黑液燃烧法结果表明,铝盐具有一定的除硅作用,硫酸铝的除硅效果最高可达53.02%;SEM-EDAX检测结果表明,铝离子能和硅形成不溶于水的沉淀物.上述结果表明:硫酸铝具有一定的除硅效果,当其添加量为3%时除硅效果最好.     

HAAKE转矩流变仪的故障分析与对策

在对HAAKE转矩流变仪作简介的基础上,选择了中央处理单元、测量驱动单元、环境温度测量回路、软盘驱动器、键盘、切粒机、剪切销保护和电磁场干扰等九例有代表性的故障进行深入的分析研究,并提出了排除故障的思路和办法。