咖啡生豆多糖提取及抗氧化活性

目的:为咖啡中多糖成分的研究和天然活性多糖的开发提供基础数据。方法:研究了云南小粒咖啡生豆多糖(GBP)的水提工艺和抗氧化活性。应用响应面法对咖啡生豆多糖提取工艺进行优化;运用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)和扫描电镜(SEM)共同鉴定和表征咖啡生豆多糖的结构特点。采用DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基清除试验和FRAP法评估咖啡生豆多糖体外抗氧化能力。结果:咖啡生豆多糖水提法的最佳工艺条件：提取温度59℃、提取时间45 min、液料比(V_水∶m_咖啡生豆)21∶1 (mL/g)、浓缩体积1/8及乙醇体积分数75%,该条件下咖啡生豆多糖得率达9.56%。多糖样品经红外光谱和电镜扫描显示咖啡生豆是表面呈不规则的孔状结构的多糖。咖啡生豆多糖对DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基清除能力分别为2.32 mg/mL(IC₅₀)、0.011 mmol Trolox/g GBP,铁还原能力为0.95 mmol Fe²⁺/g GBP。结论:咖啡生豆多糖是具有抗氧化活性的不规则孔状结构多糖,具有进一步研究和开发的价值。     

Preparation and characterization of bio-nanocomposite films based on soy protein isolate and montmorillonite using melt extrusion

The non-biodegradable and non-renewable nature of plastic packaging has led to a renewed interest in packaging materials based on bio-nanocomposites (biopolymer matrix reinforced with nanoparticles such as layered silicates). Bio-nanocomposite films based on soy protein isolate (SPI) and montmorillonite (MMT) were prepared using melt extrusion. Effects of the pH of film forming solution, MMT content, and extrusion processing parameters (screw speed and barrel temperature distribution) on the structure and properties of SPI–MMT bio-nanocomposite films were investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used for structural characterization of the films. Properties of the films were determined by tensile testing, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and water vapor barrier measurement. The arrangement of MMT in the soy protein matrix ranged from exfoliated at lower MMT content (5%) to intercalated at higher MMT content (15%). There was a significant improvement in mechanical (tensile strength and percent elongation at break) and dynamic mechanical properties (glass transition temperature and storage modulus), thermal stability, and water vapor permeability of the films with the addition of MMT. The results presented in this study show the feasibility of using bio-nanocomposite technology to improve the properties of biopolymer films based on SPI.     

超支化聚氨酯皮革涂饰剂的合成与表征

以—NCO封端聚氨酯(PPU)和端羟基超支化聚合物(HPAE)为原料,在二月桂酸二丁基锡(DBTDL)的催化作用下,通过接枝共聚反应合成了一种新型超支化聚氨酯(HBPU)皮革涂饰剂。通过单因素试验分析方法优化出了HBPU合成条件:反应温度80℃,w(DBTDL)=0.5%(以IPDI和PEG2000的总质量计),反应时间为4.5h。利用FTIR、13C-NMR等方法,对原料和HBPU的分子结构进行了表征。通过综合热分析测试了HBPU的热分解温度Tg为263.2℃,分析了HBPU的耐溶剂性并探讨了其在皮革涂饰中的应用性能。     

The effect of ripening and storage conditions on the distribution of tyramine,putrescine and cadaverine in Edam-cheese

The aim of the work was to describe the development of selected biogenic amines (histamine, tyramine, putrescine and cadaverine) in 4 layers of Dutch-type cheese (Edam-cheese) depending on 3 ripening/storage regimes during a 98-day period. Biogenic amines were analysed by means of ion-exchange chromatography. A further goal was to identify microbial sources of biogenic amines in the material analysed. Phenotype characterization and repetitive sequence-based PCR fingerprinting were used to identify the isolated bacteria. The highest content of tyramine, putrescine and cadaverine was determined in cheeses stored in a ripening cellar at a temperature of 10 °C during the whole observation period. Lower biogenic amines content was determined in samples which were moved into a cold storage device (5 °C) after 38 days of storage in a ripening cellar (10 °C). The lowest concentrations of biogenic amines were detected in cheeses which were moved into a cold storage device (5 °C) after 23 days of storage in a ripening cellar (10 °C). During the 98-day period, histamine was not detected in any of the regimes. Within the cheeses analysed, non-starter lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus curvatus, Lactobacillus casei/paracasei and Lactobacillus plantarum were detected as the main producers of the biogenic amines tested. In starter bacteria Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis and Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris the decarboxylase activity tested was not detected.     

Copper-doped mesoporous activated carbons as electrode material for electrochemical capacitors

Cu-doped activated carbon composites were prepared from phenolic resins by a doping method. The structure and specific capacitance of Cu-doped activated carbon composites were investigated using nitrogen gas adsorption and constant current cycling (CCC) methods. The pore size distributions of activated carbon-Cu series indicated that the doped Cu had no drastic effect on the structure of ACs. The percentage of copper in the composite electrode was less than 1 wt. %. It was found that the AC-Cu series had higher capacitance than that of activated carbons; even though their BET surface area was not larger than that of the AC ones. The Cu-doped activated carbon composite prepared by activating at 800 °C for 2 h had high capacitance (120 F g⁻¹) which was more than 25% than that of the ACs. XRD and TEM showed that copper existed in the form of oxidation state and the diameter of particles was under 100 nm.     

Issues in the characterization of power quality instruments

This paper analyzes some issues related to the metrological characterization of instruments for power quality monitoring, in order to move a step toward the definition of a full performance verification protocol. This protocol should include not only the test situations reported in corresponding standards, but also an array of different voltage and current fluctuations – linked to common power quality issues – that may be encountered in actual power systems. This performance analysis is particularly interesting because it can be found that different power quality instruments, fully meeting characteristics prescribed in standard, still may significantly disagree in some actual measurements. This is due for the existence of unresolved technical and theoretical issues related to the metrological characterization through the classical approaches of these instruments. The aim of the discussion carried out in this paper is also the specification of requirements of a test system devoted to calibration and verification of a power quality monitor, such as it is done in type testing. After a preliminary discussion about technical and theoretical issues related to the performance analysis of these instruments, a proposal of test protocol definition, with reference to some power quality phenomena and based on the design of experiment, is presented.     

Characterization of surface defects in fast tool servo machining of microlens array using a pattern recognition and analysis method

Microlens array (MLA) is a type of structured freeform surfaces which are widely used in advanced optical products. Fast tool servo (FTS) machining provides an indispensible solution for machining MLA with superior surface quality than traditional fabrication process for MLA. However, there are a lot of challenges in the characterization of the surface defects in FTS machining of MLA. This paper presents a pattern recognition and analysis method (PRAM) for the characterization of surface defects in FTS machining of MLA. The PRAM makes use of the Gabor filters to extract the features from the MLA. These features are used to train a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier for defects detection and analysis. To verify the method, a series of experiments have been conducted and the results show that the PRAM produces good accuracy of defects detection using different features and different classifiers. The successful development of PRAM throws some light on further study of surface characterization of other types of structure freeform surfaces.     

Ptychographic characterization of the wavefield in the focus of reflective hard X-ray optics

A technique for quantitatively characterizing the complex-valued focal wavefield of arbitrary optics is described and applied to reconstructing the coherent focused beam produced by a reflective/diffractive hard X-ray mirror. This phase-retrieval method, based on ptychography, represents an important advance in X-ray optics characterization because the information obtained and potential resolution far exceeds that accessible to methods of directly probing the focus. Ptychography will therefore be well-suited for characterizing and aligning future nanofocusing X-ray optics.     

Preparation and properties of thin parylene layers as the gate dielectrics for organic field effect transistors

We report on the fabrication and characterization of parylene C thin layers for organic electronic devices passivation and gate dielectric of organic field effect transistors (OFETs) development. The investigated thin parylene layers were deposited from the vapour phase in thickness ranging from 3 to 800 nm at room temperature. The thickness and surface morphology of parylene layers were characterized by ellipsometry and AFM technique. The quality of parylene structures were analysed by X-ray reflectivity and diffraction as well as micro-Raman spectroscopy. The measurements confirmed perfect homogeneity and structural properties of parylene layers. Two types of pentacene OFETs were prepared on the silicone dioxide and parylene surface with bottom contact structures. The results demonstrated that using parylene, as the gate dielectric layer is an effective method to fabricate OFETs with improved electric characteristics.