河南省浅层地下水动态演变分析

20世纪80年代以来,河南省地下水开采量持续增加,导致地下水补排关系失衡,地下水位持续下降,其中:海河流域平原水位下降了7.25 m,下降速率为0.24 m/a;黄河流域下降了3.14 m,下降速率为0.10 m/a;淮河流域与长江流域地下水位基本保持稳定。1980—2010年河南省平原区地下水位下降了1.65 m,地下水蓄变量减小了51.5亿m3,其中海河流域与黄河流域蓄变量大幅减小,部分含水层已疏干。     

柴西南红柳泉地区古近系下干柴沟组下段浅水三角洲控砂特征

浅水三角洲发育的骨架砂体是岩性油气藏形成的有利储集体.运用古构造恢复技术,对柴达木盆地西南部红柳泉地区古近系下干柴沟组下段（E13）沉积时期内的古地形、古气候及古水体进行了分析,并探讨了砂体分布主控因素.结果表明：红柳泉地区在E13沉积时期具有盆浅湖阔的古构造背景,地形坡度相对较小,古水深一般小于10m,水体动荡,湖平面变化相当频繁,物源充足,具备形成浅水三角洲的古沉积环境;浅水三角洲的砂体受挠曲坡折带和湖岸线的联合控制;红柳泉断层活动引起的挠曲坡折带形成低幅度的隆起区,控制了古水流的分叉改道;湖岸线是水上和水下环境的分界线,在平面上控制了分流河道和水下分流河道的分布,在纵向上响应于相对湖平面的上升和下降,可形成多个储盖组合,配合湖岸线对砂体物性的影响可形成封堵性能良好的成岩砂岩体圈闭.     

浅层地震勘探在第四纪松散地层划分中的应用

采用浅层地震勘探技术在矿区第四纪松散地层进行地层、构造和地下水勘探。通过以反射波法为主,折射波、面波法为辅的综合地震勘探方法较为准确地对勘探区地层进行了划分,结合钻孔勘探,有效揭露了矿区第四系地层厚度及地层空间展布特征。地震勘探将矿区地层划分为三大套岩性层,分别为第四系全新统地层、上更新统地层和元古界基岩层,与钻孔勘探揭露地层基本一致。钻孔K1处地震法解释第四纪地层厚度为240m,钻孔勘探揭露厚度为241．37m,验证了地震勘探的可靠性。     

计算溃坝波问题的KFVS方法

浅水波方程与可压缩无黏气体方程类似,按照这两种方程的比拟关系,作者给出了用于计算浅水波方程的动力学流矢量分裂(KFVS)方法,并应用此方法计算了两个二维溃坝波问题。计算结果与已有文献结果基本一致,证明该方法有效、稳定,能够模拟浅水长波方程中的间断解问题。     

Probability of the critical state of glue joints of a shallow laminated shell with random irregularities

Relations have been obtained for the determination of the probability of the dangerous (critical) state of the glue joints of a shallow laminated shell in the case of the presence of initial irregularities of the elastic plies with known probabilistic characteristics. An example of calculation of the probability of the critical state of the glue joint of a two-ply shell with known mathematical expectation and correlation function of random initial deflection of the upper ply is considered. __________ Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 1, pp. 138–149, January–February, 2006.     

一维浅栅光子晶体中的矢量耦合模孤子

研究同时具有二阶和三阶非线性效应的一维浅栅光子晶体中的矢量耦合模孤子动力学。从Maxwell方程出发,利用多重尺度法,导出了电光场、光学整流场与基频光场包络的非线性矢量耦合模方程组,给出了耦合模方程组的孤子解。结果表明由二阶非线性导致的光学整流场对基频光场没有调制作用。     

Numerical modelling of tidal flows in complex estuaries including turbulence: an unstructured finite volume solver and experimental validation

In this paper an unstructured finite volume model for quasi‐2D tidal flow with wet–dry fronts and turbulence modelling is presented, and applied to the Crouch–Roach estuarine system (Essex, U.K.). Two depth averaged turbulence models, a mixing length model and a k–ε model, are used in the numerical computations. An additional limiter to the production of turbulence due to bed friction is introduced in order to improve the performance and numerical stability of the model near wet–dry fronts. In addition to a first‐order and a second‐order schemes, an hybrid second‐order/first‐order upwind scheme which improves the accuracy of the first‐order scheme while maintaining a good numerical stability is used to discretize the convective flux. Numerical results are compared with observed current speed and water level data, with particular reference to the ability of the model to reproduce shallow water tidal harmonics. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The generalized Riemann problem method for the shallow water equations with bottom topography

This paper extends the generalized Riemann problem method (GRP) to the system of shallow water equations with bottom topography. The main contribution is that the generalized Riemann problem method (J. Comput. Phys. 1984; 55 (1):1–32) is used to evaluate the midpoint values of solutions at each cell interface so that the bottom topography effect is included in numerical fluxes, and at the same step the source term is discretized with an interface method in which only mid‐point values are plugged in. This scheme is well balanced between the flux gradient and bottom topography when incorporating the surface gradient method (SGM) (J. Comput. Phys. 2001; 168 (1):1–25) into data reconstruction step, and it is also suitable for both steady and unsteady flow simulations. We illustrate the accuracy of this scheme by several 1‐D and 2‐D numerical experiments. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Hydrogeochemical Characteristics of Fluorine in Shallow Groundwater of Tongshan Area

Tongshan area, a part of the floodplain of the abandoned Huanghe River, is one of the popular endemic fluorosis areas in East China. One of the reasons is high concentration of fluorine in shallow groundwater. Test results of 36 groundwater samples show that fluorine concentration in shallow groundwater is 0.18-6.7mg/L and 50% of the samples exceed the Chinese drinking water quality standard. There exists a significant negative correlation in content between Ca^2 and F^-. The correlations between fluorine concentration and other cations (for example Na^ , K^ , Mg^2 ) are not significant. The content of dissolved fluorine from the flooding sediments of the Huanghe River that varying from 5.6mg/kg to 15.2mg/kg plays an important role in forming the high fluorine groundwater. Usually, the dissolved fluorine content in silt is much higher than that in silty clay and clay. According to the geological investigation fluorine content in deep groundwater (over 60m) is less than 1.0mg/L and suitable for drinking, so it is an effective measure to prevent endemic fluorosis by extracting deep groundwater in disease areas.