Calcium lactate effect on the shelf life of osmotically dehydrated guavas

The effect of calcium lactate on osmodehydrated guavas in sucrose and maltose solutions was monitored during storage under passive modified atmosphere for 24 d at 5 °C. Sample texture and color characteristics, microbial spoilage, sensory acceptance, structural changes, and gas composition inside the packages were periodically evaluated. Calcium lactate inhibited microbial growth on guavas, with yeast and mold counts in the order of 10(2) CFU/g throughout storage. The calcium salt reduced respiration rate of guava products, showing O(2) and CO(2) concentrations around 18% and 3% inside the packages. A firming effect on fruit texture, with up to 5 and 2 times higher stress and strain at failure values and tissue structure preservation could also be attributed to calcium lactate use. However, fruits treated with calcium lactate, osmodehydrated in maltose and sucrose solutions, showed sensory acceptance scores below the acceptability limit (4.5) after 13 and 17 d of storage, respectively.     

Comparative post‐harvest behaviour of traditional and virus‐resistant Muchamiel tomatoes

BACKGROUND: Nowadays, organoleptic quality is the primary objective for almost all tomato breeding programmes. In this study, post‐harvest behaviour of a breeding line with genetic resistance to important viruses (tomato mosaic virus, tomato spotted wilt virus and tomato yellow leaf curl virus) has been compared with the original traditional landrace (Muchamiel). The breeding line has been obtained by backcrossing, introgressing three resistance genes but aiming to keep the quality characteristics of the traditional variety. Tomatoes were picked at random and stored at 10 °C for 13 days. Quality analyses were made in both tomato samples: weight loss, colour, respiration rate, ethylene production, maturity index, instrumental hardness and sensory evaluation with trained panel. RESULTS: Fruits of the breeding line were characterized by higher hardness even with a higher maturity index. Results of sensory tests were in agreement with instrumental measurements. Organoleptic quality of Muchamiel virus‐resistant tomatoes was at least as high as that of traditional tomatoes, reaching the best scores in odour and aroma at the 13th storage day. CONCLUSION: Although a long time has been required to develop the breeding line, results indicate that organoleptic fruit quality has been recovered through backcrossing, confirming the success of the breeding programme. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

基于COSMOSWorks的作业架横梁有限元分析

阐述了根据某作业架的工作情况和结构,对其关键部件横梁进行了理论计算分析,采用有限元分析方法,建立了三维计算模型,运用COSMOSWorks软件对作业架横梁进行有限元分析,分析结果与理论计算分析一致,为优化横梁尺寸结构提供理论依据。对数据进行了分析,提出改进横梁结构尺寸的措施,分析改进后的横梁,结果表明,改进后的横梁既节省材料又安全可靠。     

气调保鲜养殖大黄鱼特定腐败菌动态变化初步研究

目的:探讨气调保鲜养殖大黄鱼中特定腐败菌与剩余货架期的关系。方法:采用特定培养基平板计数法及最小平方差的数据处理法,研究气调包装养殖大黄鱼中特定腐败菌——磷发光杆菌在贮藏过程中的动态变化。结果:在(4±1)℃下贮藏的气调包装养殖大黄鱼中的磷发光杆菌的生长动力学模型可用Logistic方程来描述,并具有很好的相关性(R2=0.9887)。用此Logistic方程预测大黄鱼的货架期,与实测值相比,相对误差为-2.62%。结论:建立的模型可以快速地实时预测(4±1)℃贮藏的养殖大黄鱼中磷发光杆菌的数量及其剩余货架期。     

塑料薄膜包装材料的渗透反应动力学研究

塑料薄膜包装材料渗透反应动力学研究渗透机理和与渗透速度相关的动力学因素,主要讨论了热力学温度与渗透系数、渗透速度的关系,并探索了塑料薄膜包装材料阻隔性能计算的理论和实用问题.     

不同包装处理对切分芋头货架期的影响

与对照(普通塑料薄膜包装)、聚乙烯塑料薄膜(PE)包装相比,4℃贮藏的前12天,真空包装(VP)能较好地保持鲜切芋头的可溶性固形物含量(TSS)和淀粉含量,褐变度、丙二醛(MDA)含量和多酚氧化酶的活性较低,而超氧化物歧化酶活性较高.随着贮藏时间延长,聚氯乙烯塑料薄膜(PVC)包装的鲜切芋头,酚类物质含量及丙二醛(MDA)含量低于其他包装,超氧化物歧化酶(S0D)活性最高,TSS和淀粉含量、多酚氧化酶(PP0)活性与VP处理的接近.结论:VP处理适合鲜切芋头的短期低温贮藏,PVC包装适合鲜切芋头的较长期贮藏.     

微波技术在酱油包装物灭菌上的应用

酱油包装袋是造成灭菌后酱油二次污染的一个主要原因,常规的化学或物理消毒方法损及包装物的品质,微波消毒比常规加热消毒所需温度低对产品质量不会造成很大影响。利用微波技术对酱油包装袋进行杀菌,能够防止酱油由于包装而造成的二次污染的问题,延长了袋装酱油的货架期。     

Shelf life prediction of bread sticks using oxidation indices: a validation study

ABSTRACT:  The aim of this study was to apply the protocol for the shelf life prediction of bakery products proposed by Calligaris and others (2007a) on bread sticks. The methodology comprises 4 steps: (1) evaluation of the physical properties of fat; (2) performing the accelerated shelf life test; (3) evaluation of sensory acceptance limit and the relevant chemical index limit; (4) setting up the shelf life prediction model. The results allow validating the shelf life prediction methodology proposed. In fact, the peroxide number was found to be a representative index of the quality depletion of bread sticks during their shelf life. In addition, once again by accounting for the changes in the fat physical state, it is possible to set up a modified Arrhenius equation able to describe the temperature dependence of peroxide formation. Finally, a mathematical model to simply and quickly calculate the shelf life of bread sticks has been developed.     

Degradation of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural in Honey

ABSTRACT: 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is the most important intermediate product of the acid‐catalyzed dehydration reaction of hexoses and/or Maillard reaction; furthermore, it is the most used index to evaluate thermal damages or ageing in food products. Usually its degradation reactions, being very slow, are neglected. This study reports the findings concerning the degradation kinetics of HMF, in honeys of different floral origin at a temperature between 25 and 50 °C. The results highlighted higher degradation rates (k_{HMFdegradation}) compared to the corresponding formation rates (k_HMFformation) in chestnut and citrus samples. Similar k‐values were found in multifloral honey. Moreover, the reaction of HMF degradation was characterized by lower activation energy (E_a) values compared to E_a formation values. The final concentration of HMF in honey, during storage at room temperature, should be ascribed to high sugar concentration. The fluctuation of HMF in honeys could depend on the equilibrium between the accumulation and the degradation processes. This can affect the validity of HMF as storage index in some honeys, above all during the analysis of those honeys whose legislation is too restrictive (citrus) or in chestnut honey analysis where it does not accumulate.     

Antioxidant properties and shelf‐life extension of fresh‐cut tomatoes stored at different temperatures

BACKGROUND: The feasibility of using modified atmosphere packaging (5 kPa O₂ + 5 kPa CO₂) to maintain the antioxidant properties of fresh‐cut tomatoes during shelf‐life was assessed through storage at different temperatures (5, 10, 15 and 20 °C). Health‐related compounds, antioxidant capacity, microbiological counts, physicochemical parameters and in‐package atmosphere of tomato slices were determined. RESULTS: Initial lycopene, vitamin C and phenolic contents and physicochemical parameters of tomato slices were well maintained for 14 days at 5 °C. Lycopene and total phenolic contents were enhanced over time in tomato slices stored at 15 and 20 °C. However, this increase in antioxidant compounds of fresh‐cut tomatoes during storage may be associated with excessive amounts of CO₂ (R² = 0.5679–0.7328) in the packages due to microbial growth. Although keeping tomato slices at temperatures above 10 °C increased their antioxidant content, the shelf‐life of the product was reduced by up 4 days. CONCLUSIONS: A storage temperature of 5 °C is appropriate for maintaining the microbiological shelf‐life of fresh‐cut tomatoes for up to 14 days and also allows the antioxidant properties of tomato slices to be retained over this period, thus reducing wounding stress and deteriorative changes. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry