深层及非生物成烃的催化机制

讨论了非生物成因烃的可能生成机制。通过对比分析,探讨了在地质条件下碳、氢经历费-托合成和由过渡金属催化产生烃的可能机制。     

Electrochemical synthesis and characterization of chloride doped polyaniline

Chloride doped polyaniline conducting polymer films have been prepared in a protic acid medium (HCl) by potentiodynamic method in an electrochemical cell and studied by cyclic voltammetry and FTIR techniques. The FTIR spectra confirmed Cl^- ion doping in the polymers. The polymerization rate was found to increase with increasing concentration of aniline monomer. But the films obtained at high monomer concentration were rough having a nonuniform flaky polyaniline distribution. Results showed that the polymerization rate did not increase beyond a critical HCl concentration. Cyclic voltammetry suggested that, the oxidation-reduction current increased with an increase in scan rate and that the undoped polyaniline films were not hygroscopic whereas chloride doped polyaniline films were found to be highly hygroscopic.     

3-N-丙酰基-2-芳基-5-(3-碘苯基)-1,3,4-(噁)唑啉类化合物的合成及表征

以3-碘苯甲酸为原料，在浓硫酸作用下与乙醇反应制得3-碘苯甲酸乙酯（1），再以无水乙醇为溶剂，在105℃化合物1与80％的水合肼反应8h，制得3-碘苯甲酰肼（2）。在无水乙醇中，在90～95℃化合物2分别与4-甲基苯甲醛、2-氯苯甲醛、4-氯苯甲醛、4-羟基苯甲醛、2，4-二氯苯甲醛、4-甲氧基苯甲醛、3-硝基苯甲醛、4-硝基苯甲醛和4-二甲氨基苯甲醛反应得到相应的酰腙E3（a～i）]。最后化合物3（a～i）分别与丙酸酐脱水环化成了3-M丙酰基-2-芳基-5-（3-碘苯基）-1，3，4-噁唑啉类化合物E4（a～i）]，收率分别为86．2％，70．5％，80．1％，68．2％，62．4％，75．2％，73．2％，70．5％和63．2％。并通过元素分析，IR，^1H NMR和MS对化合物4（a～i）的结构进行了表征。     

一锅法合成螺环二醇

采用一锅法对螺环二醇的合成进行了研究。较佳反应条件为：第一步反应中，甲醛、异丁醛、三乙胺的用量分别是2．9，2．7，0．07mol，反应时间6h，反应温度70℃；第二步反应中，季戊四醇和盐酸的用量分别是1．0mol和0．06mol，反应时间10h，反应温度60℃。在此条件下，螺环二醇的总收率为93．6％，含量大于99．0％。探讨了该合成过程的反应机理。采用IR和^1H NMR对产物结构进行了表征。     

马来酸酐-丙烯酸含膦共聚物的合成及阻垢性能

以水为溶剂，马来酸酐（MA）、丙烯酸（AA）为单体，过硫酸盐-次磷酸盐氧化还原体系为引发剂，合成马来酸酐-丙烯酸含膦共聚物阻垢剂。研究了聚合条件对共聚物阻垢性能的影响，确定最佳聚合条件为：马来酸酐与丙烯酸摩尔比1：3，次磷酸盐用量为单体总质量的20％，引发剂用量为单体总质量的10％，反应温度90℃，反应时间4h。在此反应条件下合成的聚合物对CaCO3和CaSO4有较好的阻垢性能。     

Synthesis of Rice Processing Plants. I. Development of Simplified Models

This article, the first of three articles on the synthesis of rice processing plants, focuses on the development of simplified mathematical models necessary for use in optimizing rice processing plants. The second concentrates on the optimal synthesis of a rice plant and the third on the sensitivity of the optimization to uncertainty in model parameters. Existing models for rice processing unit operations are not suitable for flowsheet optimization and new models need to be developed to overcome numerical difficulties that occur in optimization applications, specifically in mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) applications. Simplified models of the drying, cooling, and tempering units are developed. In addition head rice yield models, used as a quality indicator, energy consumption, and economic models were also developed. Naturally, the new models exhibit some mismatch with respect to the existing models from which they were developed. However, a sensitivity analysis, presented in Part III, has shown that the optimal flowsheet structure was not sensitive to a lack of fit between the simplified and complex models. The simplified models were found adequate to be appropriate for use at the synthesis stage.     

24万t/a尿素装置技术改造总结

针对新化化肥有限公司尿素装置存在的问题进行了技术改造,从尿素合成塔、中压分解吸收、低压分解吸收、闪蒸等方面分析了产生问题的原因,提出了改进措施和实施方案。对改造前后工艺指标、产品质量和经济效益进行了对比和分析。改造结果表明.生产能力提高25％,5个月可收回全部投资。