Long vowel sounds induce expectations of sweet tastes

A growing body of research has demonstrated the existence of cross modal correspondences that involve tastes and sounds. For example, front vowels (e.g., /i/) and voiceless consonants (e.g., /f/) are more matched with sweetness than back vowels (e.g., /u/) and voiced consonants (e.g., /b/). However, research on taste-sound correspondences so far has focused mainly on the vowel position (e.g., front vs. back) and/or consonant types (i.e., voiced vs. voiceless). The literature on onomatopoeia and phonaesthetics suggests that vowel length (e.g. /e/ in sweeet vs. swee t) can be used to convey pleasure or euphony (e.g. sweetness) and displeasure (e.g., bitterness). This paper explores the linkages between vowel length and taste attributes. Specifically, this paper investigated the link between long (vs. short) vowel sounds and sweetness. In three studies, we demonstrate that people expect words containing long vowels (e.g., Monef [Məʊni:f]) to connote sweeter tastes than words containing short vowels (e.g., Monef [Mɒnef]). Our findings reveal the importance of vowel length in taste-sound associations, and show its linkage with the taste continuum.     

Introduction.

Describes the Color-Your-Life (CYL), a type of play therapy developed by the author, with which children can convey a wide range of emotions symbolically. Over the years, variations have been developed in the way the CYL could be used clinically. Originally, the author used the CYL to have children convey the affects they had experienced over the course of their lives--a sort of overall window to their lives. Articles published in the current issue of the International Journal of Play Therapy, on the CYL, suggest the need for future research. Topics that need to be addressed include the question of whether or not the color-feeling pairs used actually make a difference in the product, the possible interaction of culture and the CYL, and the need to research the assessment versus intervention aspects of the CYL. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Cyber Comfort: Textiles as Markers of Care in Video Games

Video games that utilize textiles create comfort by connecting players to their lived physical selves. They develop positive gaming and craft skills by emphasizing the basic tenets of human cognition and culture as manifested through intentionality, symbolism, and play.     

浅析埃米尔·贝尔纳在高更象征主义理论形成过程中的作用

本文简要分析埃米尔·贝尔纳在绘画试验,理论探索,艺术交流等方面对高更在象征主义理论形成过程中的影响。     

A STUDY OF REJEWSKI'S EQUATIONS

Abstract

The Tiny Encryption Algorithm (TEA) has been around for just over ten years. It is probably the most “minimal”—and hence fastest—block cipher ever devised and yet appears resistant to most attacks. In this article, we describe the algorithm, its simplicity of design and ease of use, its cryptographic strength, and the wide range of implementations and applications of the cipher.     

讽喻横空妙比天成--《围城》语言艺术一隅

从人物语言和叙事语言两个角度探讨了钱钟书独特的语言风格,着重研讨了比喻和象征这两个修辞手法的经典运用,分析了<围城>在现代白话小说中的特殊地位,使我们对<围城>语言艺术的某一个侧面有了更明确的理解.     

盗火者与旗手角色意识的疏离——李金发与中国初期象征诗派的兴衰关系初探

中国象征诗派开中国现代主义诗歌的先河。但是这个原应取得更大文学成就的诗歌流派，在一定程度上却因代表人物李金发对中国象征诗派盗火者角色的执迷，人为地搁置了其中国象征派旗手的历史责任，最终在个人利益和对象征诗艺的浅尝辄止的襄抉下，遁入个人生活的小天地。逐渐远离诗歌大潮的轨道，象征主义诗派和他本人的创作最终不可避免地走向没落。     

Jung, Jungians, and psychoanalysis.

The break between Freud and Jung--and the subsequent division between their followers--has had profound and continuing consequences for both parties. The Jungians have continued an ambivalent relationship to psychoanalysis, with the effects of internal conflicts and institutional schisms. Mainstream psychoanalysis, for its part, has used Jung, the primary and still most prominent "deviant," to inhibit developments in areas associated with his work. This article explores how the pressure to maintain solidarity and conformity in psychoanalysis has curtailed, in particular, thinking in 3 areas: symbolism, lifelong development, and paranormal experience. It concludes with observations about the opportunities and dangers associated with the move toward pluralism being considered in both camps. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Factors determining the guessing of meanings of foreign words.

6groups of 40 English-speaking Ss judged the equivalence of 50 pairs of frequently used English, Chinese, Japanese, and Hebrew words presented auditorily, audio-visually, and visually. Ss guessed the English equivalent of Hebrew words and paired Japanese and Chinese, and Japanese and Hebrew words at better than chance levels. Chinese and Hebrew words were paired significantly below chance levels. Significant interactions between languages and method of presentation were obtained. Results were "interpreted as contrary to the hypothesis of a universal phonetic symbolism." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Mowrer on "Sin".

Comments on the article "Sin, the lesser of two evils" by O.H. Mower (1960). In a recent issue of the American Psychologist, Hobart Mowrer (see record 1961-03555-001) argues that because "sin" is a stronger word than "wrongdoing" or "irresponsibility" it is better for the "neurotic" individual to admit his "sins" than accept his "wrongdoings." In upholding the concept of individual (if not original) "sin," Mowrer is contending that the "neurotic" individual must, if he is to get "well," accept the following syllogism: (a) sinning is unjustified; (b) I have sinned; (c) therefore, I must justify my existence by acknowledging my sins, changing my ways, and becoming a nonsinner. At first blush, this seems like a perfectly valid syllogism. But, as Mowrer himself suggests, it rarely works in practice. The author contends that with a more objective and realistic restatement of Mowrer's syllogism, the problem of the "neurotic" individual's changing his ineffective and self-defeating behavior is hardly automatically solved; but (by having the definitional concepts of deep worthlessness and severe ego "insult" removed from his philosophic premises) he becomes much more likely resolutely to tackle what Mowrer accurately describes as his moralpsychological difficulties. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)