表现与象征的意义——人类居住空间中的人体象征

在原始的观念中,集体表象给一切客体凭添上神秘的力量。人们运用自己的生命去理解整个自然,依据自身的形象来创造生活空间,将人体结构及器官运用于居住区域、聚落布局、建筑群体或单体当中,采用具有直观、形象或象征、隐喻的手法,从多方面、多角度体现着原始建筑中人体的象征性。这种人体象征性反映出从古至今建筑中“人体改写”的历史传承与发展。     

The computer in literary analysis: UsingTACT with students

TACT, a freeware program from the University of Toronto's Centre for Computing in the Humanities, is a highly sophisticated tool for text retrieval; although written for experienced critics and researchers, it can teach undergraduate students to read literature in new, fresh ways. Without requiring that the user become either a programmer, linguist, mathematician, or statistician,TACT introduces the literature student to the computer as a research tool. Studies of imagery and symbolism, of structural patterns, and of prosody can result from the student's careful tagging of a literary text and can yield significant insights into the work of literature. Students who use the computer as such a tool learn to read literary texts more closely and to think more clearly about literary problems.Mark Hawthorne, Professor of English at James Madison University, has published books on Maria Edgeworth and John and Michael Banim and articles inModern Fiction Studies, Studies in Romanticism, Victorian Poetry, and Modern Language Notes. His research interests include Anglo-Irish literature, computer applications, and postmodern literature.     

Review of The manifest dream and its use in therapy.

Reviews the book, The manifest dream and its use in therapy by Roy M. Mendelsohn (see record 1990-98422-000). Dr. Mendelsohn is interested in determining the unconscious thoughts and desires of the dreamer and claims that he can discover these by a kind of direct interpretation of the dream text as related by the dreamer, without resorting to the latter's associations. He does so by employing the context in which the dream occurred and his own understanding of symbolism. Is the author's technique of value? It depends on what is asked of the dream and its interpretation. If one is analyzing a patient, the answer must be no; such abstractly conveyed interpretations favor the resistance, if anything, and may lead to the persistence of intellectualization and personal myths, now expressed in metapsychological terms. If, on the other hand, we are treating patients who are regarded as unsuitable for analysis, it is conceivable that such statements, aided by the authority of the therapist, may give the patient a sense of order and thus relieve anxiety for a time. The author's ambitious claim that his interpretations are useful in so many other ways is inadequately documented, however, resting as it does on complex and often confusing abstract statements. In failing to convey how he derives his conclusions from his observational data, he makes it very difficult to accept the validity of his method. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The sound of round: Evaluating the sound-symbolic role of consonants in the classic Takete-Maluma phenomenon.

K?hler (1929) famously reported a bias in people's matching of nonsense words to novel object shapes, pointing to possible na?ve expectations about language structure. The bias has been attributed to synesthesia-like coactivation of motor or somatosensory areas involved in vowel articulation and visual areas involved in perceiving object shape (Ramachandran & Hubbard, 2001). We report two experiments testing an alternative that emphasizes consonants and natural semantic distinctions flowing from the auditory perceptual quality of salient acoustic differences among them. Our experiments replicated previous studies using similar word and image materials but included additional conditions swapping the consonant and vowel contents of words; using novel, randomly generated words and images; and presenting words either visually or aurally. In both experiments, subjects' image-matching responses showed evidence of tracking the consonant content of words. We discuss the possibility that vowels and consonants both play a role and consider some methodological factors that might influence their relative effects. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Phonetic symbolism in natural languages.

"Three separate investigations, using three lists of English words and six foreign languages, have shown superior to chance agreement and accuracy in the translation of unfamiliar tongues. The agreement can be explained as the result of a 'cultural conception' of the symbolic value attached to various phonetic combinations. This hypothesis does not explain the accuracy of translation. The accuracy can be explained by the assumption of some universal phonetic symbolism in which speech may have originated or toward which speech may be evolving." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

An investigation of phonetic symbolism.

Investigations concerning the accuracy of matching English words with their foreign equivalents showed that English could be matched with both the Japanese and Croatian equivalents at a level beyond chance expectancy. However, the correct equivalents among Japanese and Croatian word pairs were not matched at a significant level. "The latter finding was interpreted as being contrary to the hypothesis of the gestalt organization of trace systems, and the related hypotheses of phonetic symbolism and physiognomic language." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Light, Six-Sided, Paradoxical Fight

Built structures and their architectural representations are places where geometry, mathematics and construction discover their common nature, that is, the capability of human imagination to merge architectural objects with the telling of enjoyable tales. In this paper Marco Frascari takes aim at the forces that have shaped a system of critical thoughts on how to fight gravity with a happy architecture based on light structures combined with the dilettante’s approaches to hexagonal design, interweaving the thoughts of Alberti, Kahn and Le Ricolais with those of master storytellers Calvino and Rebelais.     

论象征派代表诗人李金发的诗歌

李金发是我国早期象征主义诗歌的代表诗人。他的诗歌以象征作为诗歌的意象形态，暗示诗歌的主题和事物的发展，表达诗人隐蔽的思绪和抽象的人生哲理。在象征手法的意象中，擅长从普通人认识不到的事物中寻找。客观联系物一，体现出其独具匠心之处。     

论《看不见的人》的象征主义表现手法

<看不见的人>是美国当代黑人作家拉尔夫·埃里森的代表作.在作家运用的各种艺术表现手法中,象征主义的运用是这部小说获得成功的一个重要元素.通过从身份的象征、色彩的象征、眼睛的象征、人物的象征等方面,探讨作者如何运用象征主义这一艺术表现手法来揭示小说主题并表达其思想.     

The Cinema as Secular Temple: Ethos,Form and Symbolism of the Capitol Theatre

Since the tetraktys is the most important symbol of the Pythagorean school and system, its prominence in the form and decoration of the Capitol Theatre, Melbourne (Australia), suggests that this building was designed in the Pythagorean spirit. The tetraktys encodes the fundamental proportions or harmonies of the musical scale (1:2, 2:3, 3:4) and so one would expect to find these same proportions used in the form and decoration of the Capitol as well as evidence of relevant musical thought and inspiration in the writings of its designers, Walter Burley and Marion Mahony Griffin. Graham Pont explains the significance of the tetraktys in the Pythagorean tradition, identifies the Capitol as a “secular temple” in form and ethos, and indicates possible contemporary influences on the theatre’s remarkable motif of the “Crystal Tetraktys” and other symbolism.