丁坝在三屯河河道整治中的成功经验

三屯河渠首以下3km范围内的河道，东西两岸毗邻三屯河东西干渠及耕地，河道两岸多年遭受洪水的严重侵蚀破坏，直接危及到了下游东、西引水干渠的安全。2000年，对该段河道采用丁坝型式进行了总体整治设计，当年秋季竣工。经过近3a的运行，整治效果较明显，彻底根治了水患，确保了东、西引水干渠的安全，取得了巨大的防洪效益。     

Mothers' and children's expectations for adolescence: The impact of perceptions of an older sibling's experience.

The present study examined the role of perceived experience with an older child in mothers' expectations for subsequent children's adolescence as well as the impact of perceived experience with an older sibling on young adolescent children's expectations for their own adolescence. Participants were 305 sixth- and seventh-grade adolescents and 287 of their mothers. Participants were interviewed via telephone. For both mothers and children, the quality of experience with an older child/sibling was a better predictor of target-based expectations for the young adolescent than was the simple presence or absence of an older sibling. In some cases the link between quality of experience with an earlier born adolescent and mothers' expectations for the target child's adolescence was modified by the target child's temperament. In general, the results support a modeling hypothesis. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effects of experience and training on diagnostic accuracy.

In this reexamination of a previously published report (R. Brammer, 1997), psychologists and psychology students (N = 138) were provided an artificial intelligence program that simulated a clinical interview. The "client" provided paragraph-length answers to the questions participants chose to ask. At the end of their interview, the participants provided a brief diagnosis for the client. A path analysis revealed that clinical experience is a strong predictor of the ability to form an accurate diagnosis and that an individual's level of training, mediated by the number of diagnostic questions asked, also helps to derive accurate diagnoses. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Rearing experience differentially affects somatic and cardiac startle responses in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta).

The present study reports, for the first time, somatic and cardiac responses to acoustic startle in 2 groups of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) with different rearing experiences. Both groups showed a significant direct relationship between startle amplitude and the intensity of the acoustic startle stimulus (80-120 dB) and rapid heart rate acceleration after a 120-dB stimulus. Monkeys reared with a same-age peer (PR) showed higher startle amplitudes than those reared with their mothers (MR), consistent with rearing effects in rodents. The MR monkeys, however, showed faster heart rate acceleration of greater overall magnitude than that of the PR group. The results are discussed with regard to a monkey model for neuropsychiatric disease. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

开展管理创新优化生产组织走内涵型扩能之路

介绍了洛铜在加强生产管理人员队伍建设、改进、完善月度生产作业计划指标考核体系、优化生产作业组织、优化产能结构以及金属管理等方面开展管理创新的经验。     

基于AD9244和PCI9054的虚拟无线电接收子系统

虚拟无线电是软件无线电技术一种新的发展趋势,基本思路是利用计算机取代传统软件无线电系统中的DSP芯片,一般采用直接中频采样技术,将采样结果通过PCI总线送入主机内存,由用户软件做后续的信号处理.本文讨论了欠采样技术在中频信号接收系统中的应用,由此提出了一种虚拟无线电接收子系统实现的硬件设计方案,然后对系统中重要芯片的性能进行了介绍,并对系统的控制过程进行了详细说明,最后简要介绍了一些注意事项.     

Quadratic modeling of wheeled moving platforms on planes

Planar motion of wheeled moving platforms, on which a camera is installed to capture videos, is common in real‐world scenarios. For a general planar motion, Scaramuzza et al. proposed a linear one‐point model to recover motions from a video under a potential assumption that the camera needs to be placed somewhere between the rear wheels of a moving platform. However, the assumption is too restricted for researchers and manufacturers, because the camera is generally fixed either on the front top of vehicles for a broad view or near the left/right mirrors because of the requirement of mechanical design. In this paper, we focus on motion modeling of wheeled moving platforms without the restriction of cameras' location on a vehicle, and propose a quadratic motion model to circumvent the limitation. Newton's iterative method and bounded quadratic least squares are used to solve the quadratic optimization problem. We test our model on both the synthetic data and the real data, and conclude that the tradeoff between model error and computational error and that between performance and computational cost are the main concerns in the practice of visual odometry. © 2015 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Assessing landscape preferences: a visual choice experiment in the agricultural region of Märkische Schweiz,Germany

Natural amenities and the aesthetic value of agricultural landscapes are important territorial assets for improving rural tourism and the quality of the living environment. To identify which characteristics shape the visual quality of a landscape, a stated-preference survey was conducted (N = 200) using photorealistic landscape visualisations of four different landscape attributes (point green elements, linear green elements, crop diversity and presence of livestock). We estimated respondents’ preferences for landscape attributes, examined the extent of agreement among respondents and identified socio-economic factors influencing their responses. Results revealed that point elements had the highest general preference. About 70% of respondents preferred diverse and highly structured landscapes, while about 30% of respondents had opposing preferences. Preferences were also found to be dependent on the individual’s sociocultural background, such as their level of education, gender or age. These results can help to improve the multi-objective targeting of policies by including an aesthetic value perspective.     

高功率激光装置中靶的进化式位姿检测

高功率激光装置中靶的定位精度直接影响激光打靶的成功率。提出一种基于立体建模的进化式微小靶标位姿检测方法,该方法抛弃已有的图像处理算法对单幅图像进行特征提取的过程,通过建立立体模型将多视角图像中的目标相关联,实现相互制约的立体匹配。在模型优化方面,模拟人眼的"扫视"与"注视"功能改进遗传算法,使模型优化能同时兼顾精度与速度,为实现快速、高精度的靶自动检测与定位提供技术基础。实验搭建了3-CCD视觉检测平台并通过视觉反馈控制对标靶进行定位调整,所得定位精度小于5μm,角度误差小于0.05°。实验结果满足激光打靶要求,可应用于实际工程中。     

基于主动式全景视觉的管道内部缺陷检测方法

针对管道内表面检测空间受限的约束以及同时需要检测管道内壁功能性缺陷和结构性缺陷等需求,基于主动式全景视觉检测原理提出了一种既能视觉检测管道横截面几何尺寸又能获取和分析管道内壁表面缺陷的管道内部全方位视觉检测方法。利用携带有主动式全景视觉传感器的爬行机器人进入管道内部,分别实时获取内壁全景图像及激光横断面扫描全景图像。本文重点介绍基于管道内壁全景图像的缺陷检测方法,对管道内壁全景图像进行展开、预处理并提取管道病害区域的几何特征,最后判定缺陷类别及危害程度。经本文方法获取的缺陷几何特征实验数据验证,管道内表面存在的较为普遍的裂缝、腐蚀缺陷几何特征差异明显：腐蚀缺陷的圆形度较大,而裂缝缺陷的圆形度趋于0;腐蚀缺陷的凸度普遍大于裂缝缺陷;裂缝缺陷由于弯曲程度不同其边界离心率变化率大,而腐蚀缺陷的边界离心率趋于1。实验结果表明：该系统能够有效提取疑似缺陷区域并计算各几何特征,可通过合适的阈值判定其所属类别,为管道内表面缺陷检测提供了一种新的手段。