生物栅净化富营养化水体的试验

采用生物栅技术处理上海市某一呈富营养化状态的河水。处理装置的9个廊道并联运行,连续进出水,平均每池处理水量为4.4 t/d。试验主要对比生物栅填料分别为球形填料、悬浮填料和组合填料时,对水体CODCr、SS、TN和TP等的去除效果,并分析了不同填料生物膜的微生物的数量变化。悬浮填料生物栅对CODCr、SS、TN、TP的去除率分别为33%～84%、42%～82%、6%～25%、15%～40%;组合填料生物栅分别为41%～79%、50%～93%、7%～28%、17%～44%;球形填料生物栅分别为34%～67%、34%～70%、5%～21%、10%～28%。结果表明组合填料生物栅和悬浮填料生物栅的污染去除效果优于球形填料。微生物测试结果表明,生物栅填料可以显著增加异养细菌特别是硝化细菌的数量,增强污染净化效果。     

Pervaporation performance analysis and prediction—using a hybrid solution-diffusion and pore-flow model

A hybrid mathematic model for pervaporation is proposed which incorporates the concepts of solution-diffusion model and pore model. The model allows performance prediction as well as the establishment of the internal concentration and pressure profiles within the membrane. The model parameters specific to the particular membrane and mixture system are determined using liquid sorption and pervaporation experimental data. The model is experimentally examined using ethanol–water mixtures and poly(dimethyl siloxane)–poly(vinyldiene fluoride) (PDMS–PVDF) composite membranes. The characteristics of flux and separation factor predicted using the model are in fair agreement with the experimental data under various feed concentrations and downstream pressures for different membrane arrangements, including single-layer, reverse single-layer and double-layer PDMS–PVDF composite membranes. Internal profiles of pressure, concentration and component mole fraction can be established using the model. Concentration polarization phenomena for ethanol and water are located at membrane interfaces and vapor–liquid interfaces, respectively. Performances of several different membrane designs are compared using the model.     

硅铁复合型絮凝剂的实验研究

研究了硅铁复合型絮凝剂的制备方法和絮凝性能 ,确定了其最佳反应条件 ,所得复合型絮凝剂对江水的除浊性能优于聚合硫酸铁 (PFS)和聚合氯化铝 (PAC)。     

微孔陶瓷材料在水处理中的应用

本文从微孔陶瓷的结构特性出发，分析了微孔陶瓷作为过滤介质在水处理除杂净化过程中的过滤机理，论述了微孔陶瓷在饮用水净化处理和某些工业废水、生活污水处理中的应用。     

超薄MOF纳米片前驱体高效电催化OER反应

金属-有机骨架材料作为前驱体制备特定形貌的纳米材料用于水氧化反应(OER)，成为新的研究热点。使用溶剂热法在泡沫镍基底上合成超薄的NiCoFe-MOF纳米片，在保留其纳米片形貌的基础上原位电化学转化为金属氢（羟基）氧化物。在1 M KOH电解液中，10 mA?cm-2电流密度时的过电位仅为189 mV，Tafel斜率为35 mV/dec，且长时间电解实验表明其具有较高稳定性。原位拉曼结果表明，反应的高活性来源于反应过程中的“活性氧物种”中间体。     

CoSe2@NF双功能电催化剂用于高效碱性全解水

开发用于水分解的高效稳定、低成本非贵金属电催化剂，特别是在同一电解质中对阴极的析氢反应(HER)和阳极的析氧反应(OER)都具有高效作用的电催化剂是一项挑战。以六水合硝酸钴、尿素、氟化铵和硒粉为原料，采用水热和高温固相法在镍网上原位构筑了CoSe2@NF，采用XRD、XPS、SEM和TEM对CoSe2@NF进行物相分析和形貌表征，并在碱性电解液中对CoSe2@NF的电催化析氧和析氢性能进行了测试。结果表明，表面粗糙的串珠状纳米线结构极大地增加了CoSe2有效活性位点的数量。该催化电极在OER和HER中均表现出高而稳定的催化活性。将CoSe2@NF作为全解水槽的阴阳极，在1.6 V槽电压下即可产生10 mA/cm2的电流，并可在1.7 V的电压下稳定运行100 h。这项研究为全解水提供了一种经济有效的解决方案.     

节能型除铁过滤器在蒸汽凝结水回收系统中的应用

介绍了在复杂的工况条件下,回收总铁的蒸汽冷凝水技术,采用脉冲式气水复合反冲洗技术和高温烧结高分子陶瓷滤料的新型节能过滤器,解决了反冲洗水量大、滤料污染的问题,使处理后的冷凝水在品质和能耗方面有较高的经济价值.     

纺牵—步法中粗旦丙纶长丝沸水收缩率初探

在纺牵联合一步法纺丝机上研究了丙纶切片的熔融指数对纤维沸水收缩率的影响，发现熔融指数高的切片，其纤维的沸水收缩率变化大。沸水收缩率随热定型的温度升高而下降。沸水收缩率可根据用户提供中心值（Ｍ）通过实验确定，一般以Ｍ±１．５为宜。     

Superabsorbent hydrogel based on modified polysaccharide for removal of Pb2+ and Cu2+ from water with excellent performance

This contribution describes the absorption percentage of Pb²⁺ and Cu²⁺ from water by a superabsorbent hydrogel matrix (SH) made from an anionic polysaccharide copolymerized with acrylic acid (AAc) and acrylamide (AAm). Metal‐absorption tests, upon sequential pH variation, indicated that the SH has pH‐sensitivity for the absorption of both metals from solution, attributed to the functional ionic groups (? COOH) present in the AAc and arabic gum (AG) segments. At the pH 5.0, the SH exhibited good absorption capacity: 73.10% for Pb²⁺, 81.99% for Cu²⁺ in water and 63.64% for Pb²⁺, and 76.67% for Cu²⁺ in saline water with 0.1 mol kg^?1 ionic strength. A replicated 2² full factorial design with a central point was built to evaluate the maximum absorption capacity of the metals into the SH. It was found that both the interaction and main effects of the pH and the initial concentration of metal solution on absorption percentage of the metals were statistically significant. Surface response plots indicated that the absorption capacity of both metals into the SH may be appreciably improved by using the solutions with lower initial concentration of metal and with higher pH values. Metal‐absorption results demonstrated that the SH is a convenient material for absorption of Pb²⁺ and Cu²⁺ from pure aqueous and saline aqueous environments. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007     

凝胶色谱在腈纶溶剂净化工艺中的应用

根据凝胶色谱的工作原理,介绍了凝胶色谱在腈纶聚合原液除杂、腈纶纺丝溶剂除铁、腈纶废水预处理等三个方面的应用。实践表明:凝胶色谱即使长期使用也无需用化学试剂再生,使用寿命比离子交换树脂更长,是一种比较理想的溶剂净化手段。