马来酸酐-丙烯酸含膦共聚物的合成及阻垢性能

以水为溶剂，马来酸酐（MA）、丙烯酸（AA）为单体，过硫酸盐-次磷酸盐氧化还原体系为引发剂，合成马来酸酐-丙烯酸含膦共聚物阻垢剂。研究了聚合条件对共聚物阻垢性能的影响，确定最佳聚合条件为：马来酸酐与丙烯酸摩尔比1：3，次磷酸盐用量为单体总质量的20％，引发剂用量为单体总质量的10％，反应温度90℃，反应时间4h。在此反应条件下合成的聚合物对CaCO3和CaSO4有较好的阻垢性能。     

柴油蜡晶的理论形态预测与显微实际形态的比较

采用BFDH模型和AE模型预测柴油中蜡晶的理论形态，与通过相衬光学显微镜在冷环境平台上观察柴油蜡晶在低温下析出的实际形态。以及加入低温流动性改进剂T1804的柴油蜡晶形态进行比较研究。以十八烷晶体和二十三烷晶体作为柴油蜡晶中偶数正构烷烃和奇数正构烷烃的模型化合物，得到它们的晶体理论形态为六面体薄片状晶体。不同降温速率下得到的蜡晶的实际形态与大小均不同。快速降温条件下得到的晶体形态主要为六边形、菱形和其它少数不规则多边形薄片状集合体；慢速降温条件下得到的柴油蜡晶的形态比较完整，为六边形片状，与通过BFDH和AE模型得到的十八烷即偶数正构烷烃的形态比较接近。柴油加T1804后，快速降温时，出现更多细小的无规则晶体，且很快聚集成片状晶体；慢速降温时，出现晶体的数目要多于未加剂柴油，形状不规则，且尺寸小于未加剂柴油。     

Synthesis of Rice Processing Plants. I. Development of Simplified Models

This article, the first of three articles on the synthesis of rice processing plants, focuses on the development of simplified mathematical models necessary for use in optimizing rice processing plants. The second concentrates on the optimal synthesis of a rice plant and the third on the sensitivity of the optimization to uncertainty in model parameters. Existing models for rice processing unit operations are not suitable for flowsheet optimization and new models need to be developed to overcome numerical difficulties that occur in optimization applications, specifically in mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) applications. Simplified models of the drying, cooling, and tempering units are developed. In addition head rice yield models, used as a quality indicator, energy consumption, and economic models were also developed. Naturally, the new models exhibit some mismatch with respect to the existing models from which they were developed. However, a sensitivity analysis, presented in Part III, has shown that the optimal flowsheet structure was not sensitive to a lack of fit between the simplified and complex models. The simplified models were found adequate to be appropriate for use at the synthesis stage.     

24万t/a尿素装置技术改造总结

针对新化化肥有限公司尿素装置存在的问题进行了技术改造,从尿素合成塔、中压分解吸收、低压分解吸收、闪蒸等方面分析了产生问题的原因,提出了改进措施和实施方案。对改造前后工艺指标、产品质量和经济效益进行了对比和分析。改造结果表明.生产能力提高25％,5个月可收回全部投资。     

基站智能天线多波束合成技术

采用数字波束形成的技术，给出了基站智能天线多波束合成的有效算法。对圆环阵分布的基站天线多波束方向图进行了综合，得到了空间隔离度很好的多个波束，并将副瓣控制在30dB以下，结果令人满意。该方法可用于任意单元构成的不均匀阵列天线，还可用于波束展宽及扇形波束的合成。     

Gamma-irradiation-induced Ag/SiO2 composite films and their optical absorption properties

Small Ag particles or clusters dispersed mesoporous SiO₂ composite films were prepared by a new method: First the matrix SiO₂ films were prepared by sol-gel process combined with the dip-coating technique, then they were soaked in AgNO₃ solutions followed by irradiation of γ-ray at room temperature and in ambient pressure. The structures of these films were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), and optical absorption spectroscopy. It has been shown that the Ag particles grown within the porous SiO₂ films are very small, and they are isolated and dispersed from each other with very narrow size distributions. With increasing the soaking concentration and an additional annealing, an opposite peakshift effect of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was observed in the optical absorption measurements.     

天然气空气绝热转化制合成气催化剂研究

制备了天然气空气绝热转化催化剂,采用固定床反应器进行稳定性评价试验,对反应前后的催化剂进行了分析表征。结果说明,天然气和空气绝热转化反应放热形成的高温对催化剂有烧结作用,使催化剂晶体结构发生了变化,起活性作用的金属镍和氧化铝载体转化为镍铝尖晶石结构的物质。进一步的试验表明,在1050～1300℃的温度可以把催化剂的晶体结构改变。