Effects of secondary carbide precipitation and transformation on abrasion resistance of the 16Cr-1Mo-1Cu white iron

The relationship between secondary carbide precipitation and transformation of the 16Cr-1Mo-1Cu white iron and abrasion resistance were investigated. The results show that secondary carbide precipitation and transformation at holding stage play an important role in the hardness and abrasion resistance. After being held for a certain time at 853 K for subcritical treatment, the grainy secondary carbide, (Fe,Cr)₂₃C₆, precipitated first and then Fe₂MoC or MoC carbides precipitated in the alloy, both of which improve the bulk hardness and abrasion resistance of the alloy. The reasons for these improvements are the secondary carbide precipitates from the austenite and the retained austenite transforms into the martensite, both make the matrix strengthen. So the matrix has more effective support to the harder eutectic carbide against exterior abrasion. With expanding the holding time, the in situ transformation from the granular (Fe,Cr)₂₃C₆ carbide into laminar M₃C carbide causes the formation of the pearlitic matrix and an associated decrease of the alloy abrasion resistance.     

热连轧机轧辊用多元白口铁的冶金技术

从合金设计、凝固组织、凝固顺序、相图、相转变行为和热处理特性等方面综述多元白口铁作为热连轧精轧机架工作辊的新材质的研发.结果表明,共晶碳化物的类型和形态能通过合金成分组合控制.从连续冷却转变图获得的相转变行为对热处理过程提供了有用的指导.投入实际应用时其抗磨性优于常规轧辊.     

高铬白口铸铁中碳当量对抗磨性能的影响

高铬白口铸铁的共晶显微组织与普通白口铸铁的共晶组织不同,其中不连续的条块状共晶铁、铬碳化物M7C3占25%左右,与富铬的二次碳化物位于金属基体奥氏体或其转变产物中,而后者的M3C碳化物能占到48%,可看作渗硫体基体或海锦状渗碳体,里面镶嵌奥氏体转变产物,所以共晶型高铬白口铸铁的韧性比普通共晶型白口铸铁好,共晶组织中碳化物的短小空间对共晶奥氏体基体起到良好的保护作用,在高应力磨料磨损条件下,过共晶高铬白口铸铁中的大块状初生M7C3碳化物能很好地抵抗磨粒对抗磨件施加的法向压力和切向剪切力,不易断裂,故而抗磨性能较好.     

离心铸造CrMoWVNb白口铸铁轧辊的研究

应用离心铸造方法：以Cr,Mo,V,Nb为主要合金元素，研制成功了CrMoWVNb白口铸铁轧辊，分析了合金元素在轧辊中的作用，指出在轧辊中加入适量稀土和钛可细化轧辊组织，改善轧辊性能，同时还分析了轧辊生产中裂纹产生的原因，提出了消除裂纹的措施，并应用于高速线材轧机预精轧机架，使用寿命达到高镍铬无限冷硬铁轧辊的4－5倍。     

载荷对高铬铸铁磨料磨损的影响

对不同载荷作用下的高铬铸铁在耐磨实验机上进行了磨料磨损试验；对在不同的载荷作用下碳化物对基体的保护作用与碳化物的剥离进行了相关的分析。结果表明载荷在一定值以下磨损较为缓慢，当载荷超过一定值时，磨损急剧加剧，随着载荷的增加“尺寸较小”的碳化物首先剥离基体，当载荷继续增大时，“尺寸较大”的碳化物也剥离基体并有碎裂现象。因此，要求高铬铸铁中的碳化物不仅要分布均匀，而且尺寸也要合适。     

钒和铜对高合金白口铸铁铸态组织及性能的影响

针对磨钼矿用磨球的湿式磨损工矿条件,通过对高合金白口铸铁进行成分设计、材料制备以及相应的性能测试和组织观察,分析了不同配比的Cu和V对高合金白口铸铁铸态组织及性能的影响.研究结果表明,不同的Cu和V含量对高合金白口铸铁碳化物的形态和分布影响不同.含量为1.0%的Cu和V的该合金（12.0%Cr）,其碳化物呈现短杆状、块状,均匀弥散分布于基体中,材料的硬度、冲击韧度和耐腐蚀磨损性能得到有效提高,相对耐磨性比不含Cu、V的普通高铬铸铁（18.0%Cr）约提高了15%.     

Asymptotic stability in probability and stabilization for a class of discrete‐time stochastic systems

This paper investigates asymptotic stability in probability and stabilization designs of discrete‐time stochastic systems with state‐dependent noise perturbations. Our work begins with a lemma on a special discrete‐time stochastic system for which almost all of its sample paths starting from a nonzero initial value will never reach the origin subsequently. This motivates us to deal with the asymptotic stability in probability of discrete‐time stochastic systems. A stochastic Lyapunov theorem on asymptotic stability in probability is proved by means of the convergence theorem of supermartingale. An example is given to show the difference between asymptotic stability in probability and almost surely asymptotic stability. Based on the stochastic Lyapunov theorem, the problem of asymptotic stabilization for discrete‐time stochastic control systems is considered. Some sufficient conditions are proposed and applied for constructing asymptotically stable feedback controllers. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The supremacy of online white supremacists – an analysis of online discussions by white supremacists

A content analysis was conducted on five different white supremacist online forums to observe the discourse and types of activities occurring within. In addition, web link analysis was conducted on the forums to identify the presence of external links being posted and discussed by members. We found that members used the forums primarily for information provision, recruitment and networking. Based on these results, we discuss the implications that online hate speech have within offline settings, and the affects these activities have on Canadian citizens in light of the recent repeal of section 13 of the Canadian Human Rights Act (1985), the primary tool in Canada with which to deal with hate speech and other activities observed. The insights extracted from this research have provided novel insight into the sentiments and activities of the white supremacist movement online, a relatively unexplored venue of hate speech and propaganda online.     

软件测试用例设计

软件测试重要性越来越大,测试用例的设计是整个测试过程的基础。结合工作实践介绍软件测试用例的重要性和测试用例的设计方法,并举例说明如何应用白盒测试技术和黑盒测试技术。     

数据采集片上系统动态性能测试的新方法

提出一种新的方法用于高精度数据采集片上系统的动态性能测试。该方法利用高维空间几何矢量投影的思想,将正弦响应信号向由其各次谐波组成的正交基投影来拟合测试数据,以残差的负熵作为拟合结束的判据,使残差最大限度接近白噪声,避免了传统以残差最小为判据的过拟合问题。实验证明了该方法的有效性。