Thermodynamic modeling of the Na–Al–Ti–H system and Ti dissolution in sodium alanates

Thermodynamic assessments were made to optimize thermodynamic models and parameter fits to selected experimental and first principles hypothetical predicted phase data within the Na–Al–Ti–H system. This enabled thermodynamic modeling of Ti solubility within the sodium alanates: NaAlH₄ and Na₃AlH₆, and the relative stability of Ti-bearing phases. The modeling provides insights into the role of Ti originating from Ti-based activating agents commonly referred to as ‘catalysts’ in promoting reversibility of the Na–Al–H dehydrogenation and rehydrogenation reactions under moderate temperature and pressure conditions relevant to H storage applications. Preliminary assessments were made to evaluate H solubility in bcc-Ti and hcp-Ti, and stability of the hydride δ-TiH₂. To model possible Ti dissolution in NaAlH₄ and α-Na₃AlH₆, sub-lattice models were applied. A repulsive interaction is predicted by first principles calculations when Ti is dissolved in NaAlH₄ or α-Na₃AlH₆, which becomes stronger with increasing temperature. Although Ti is virtually insoluble in NaAlH₄ or α-Na₃AlH₆, a small addition of TiCl₃ will induce a thermodynamic driving force for formation of TiH₂ and/or TiAl₃. The addition of pure Ti shows a weaker effect than TiCl₃ and leads to formation of TiH₂ only. Based on a combined interpretation of present thermodynamic modeling and prior experimental observations, the TiAl₃ and TiH₂ phases are ascribed to have a catalytic effect, not a thermodynamic destabilization effect, on the reversibility of the dehydrogenation/rehydrogenation reactions in the Na–Al–H system.     

Adherence rates to ferric citrate as compared to active control in patients with end stage kidney disease on dialysis

Introduction: Oral phosphate binders are the main stay of treatment of hyperphosphatemia. Adherence rates to ferric citrate, a recently approved phosphate binder, are unknown. Methods: We conducted a post‐hoc analysis to evaluate whether adherence rates were different for ferric citrate vs. active control in 412 subjects with end stage kidney disease (ESKD) who were randomized to ferric citrate vs. active control (sevelamer carbonate and/or calcium acetate). Adherence was defined as percent of actual number of pills taken to total number of pills prescribed. Findings: There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics including gender, race/ethnicity, and age between the ferric citrate and active control groups. Baseline phosphorus, calcium, and parathyroid hormone levels were similar. Mean (SD) adherence was 81.4% (17.4) and 81.7% (15.9) in the ferric citrate and active control groups, respectively (P = 0.88). Adherence remained similar between both groups after adjusting for gender, race/ethnicity, age, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and diabetic nephropathy (mean [95% CI]: 81.4% [78.2, 84.6] and 81.5% [77.7, 85.2] for ferric citrate and active control, respectively). Gender, race/ethnicity, age, and diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy did not influence adherence to the prescribed phosphate binder. Subjects with CVD had lower adherence rates to phosphate binder; this was significant only in the active control group. Discussion: Adherence rates to the phosphate binder, ferric citrate, were similar to adherence rates to active control. Similar adherence rates to ferric citrate are notable since tolerance to active control was an entry criteria and the study was open label. Gender, race/ethnicity, nor age influenced adherence.     

柠檬酸根对纳米Fe_3O_4/PVA磁性复合膜性能的影响

采用化学共沉淀法制备了添加柠檬酸根前后的纳米Fe_3O_4粉体材料,用流延成膜法制备了添加柠檬酸根前后的Fe_3O_4/聚乙烯醇(PVA)复合膜。用红外光谱分析仪、古埃磁天平法、振动样品磁强计、自制磁致变形设备、发射扫描电子显微镜对添加柠檬酸根前后的纳米Fe_3O_4/PVA复合膜的结构及性能进行了表征和分析。结果表明:添加柠檬酸根纳米Fe_3O_4制备的Fe_3O_4/PVA复合膜磁化率更大、磁性能更好、磁致变形性能更大、分散性好。     

Liquid–liquid equilibria of aqueous two-phase systems composed of TritonX-100 and sodium citrate or magnesium sulfate salts

Liquid–liquid phase diagrams of surfactant-based aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) composed of TritonX-100, as a non-ionic surfactant, and two different salts have been studied at 298.15 K. The salts used were an inorganic salt, magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄), and an organic salt, sodium citrate (Na₃C₆H₅O₇). The results show that the salt MgSO₄ is more capable of inducing ATPS formation than the salt Na₃C₆H₅O₇. The experimental liquid–liquid equilibrium data were correlated using a modified virial model. Good agreement was obtained with the experimental data.     

A dual K-Na selective Prussian blue nanotubes sensor

A strategy for dual sensing of Na⁺ and K⁺ ions using Prussian blue nanotubes via selective inter/deintercalation of K⁺ ion and competitive inhibition by Na⁺ ion, is reported. The analytical signal is derived from the cyclic voltammetry cathodic peak position E_pc of Prussian blue nanotubes. Na⁺ and K⁺ levels in a sample solution can be determined conveniently using one Prussian blue nanotubes sensor. In addition, this versatile method can be applied for the analysis of single type of either Na⁺ or K⁺ ions. The dual-ion sensor response towards Na⁺ and K⁺ can be described using a model based on the competitive inhibition effects of Na⁺ on K⁺ inter/deintercalation in Prussian blue nanotubes. Successful application of the Prussian blue nanotubes sensor for Na⁺ and K⁺ determination is demonstrated in artificial saliva.     

表面活性单体2-丙烯酰胺基十四烷磺酸钠的合成及其胶束化行为的研究

以丙烯腈与1-十四烯为主要原料合成了表面活性单体2-丙烯酰胺基十四烷磺酸钠(N aAM C14S),用红外光谱与核磁共振谱确认了N aAM C14S的化学结构,用紫外光谱测定了N aAM C14S在水中的溶解度,用表面张力法(环法)与电导法测定了N aAM C14S在不同温度下的临界胶束浓度(CM C)。结果表明,以丙烯腈与1-十四烯为原料可较顺利地合成N aAM C14S,其K rafft点为22℃,25℃下CM C为9.2×10-4m o l.L-1,且CM C随温度变化很小,25℃的表面张力为48.2mN.m-1,表明N aAM C14S具有较高的表面活性。     

Fe(Ⅲ)-过氧化氢-亚硝酸盐催化BSA蛋白硝化的影响研究

采用分光光度法研究了不同pH Hepes缓冲液中Fe(Ⅲ)-过氧化氢-亚硝酸盐催化牛血清白蛋白(BSA)发生蛋白质硝化的情况.实验结果表明:在Hepes缓冲液中,EDTA-Fe(Ⅲ)及柠檬酸铁均能够催化过氧化氢-亚硝酸盐引起BSA的硝化.在EDTA-Fe(Ⅲ)-过氧化氢-亚硝酸盐体系中,BSA的硝化程度随pH的升高而依次增强,亚硝酸盐含量随pH值的升高而降低,说明碱性环境有利于EDTA-Fe(Ⅲ)-过氧化氢-亚硝酸盐催化BSA发生蛋白质硝化;而在柠檬酸铁-过氧化氢-亚硝酸盐体系中,BSA的硝化程度随pH的升高而依次降低,亚硝酸盐含量随pH值的升高而升高,说明酸性环境有利于柠檬酸铁-过氧化氢-亚硝酸盐催化BSA发生蛋白质硝化.进一步研究表明:EDTA-Fe(Ⅲ)催化过氧化氢-亚硝酸盐发生蛋白质硝化作用强于柠檬酸铁.     

柠檬酸根辅助电沉积制备铂纳米粒子及其制备条件的优化

以氧化铟锡（ITO）透明导电玻璃为基体,在柠檬酸根存在下,采用恒电位电化学沉积法制备铂纳米粒子,并通过改变施加电位、柠檬酸钠浓度、前驱体浓度和电解质浓度来优化铂纳米粒子的制备条件.利用X射线衍射（XRD）表征在ITO表面沉积的Pt颗粒的晶相结构,并运用循环伏安法（CV）测定Pt/ITO电极在酸性介质中的电催化氧化性能.实验结果表明,在施加电位为-0.3V、H2PtCl6浓度为0.8mmol/L、柠檬酸钠浓度为20mmol/L和电解质HClO4浓度为0.1mol/L的条件下,制备出的铂纳米粒子的电催化性能较好.     

煅烧高岭土吸附Pb^2＋／SDBS／PNP三元共存污染物的研究

对比Pb^2＋,SDBS,PNP单元和三元复合后在煅烧高岭土上的吸附,探讨了在不同投加量、吸附时间、pH值下三元共存在煅烧高岭土上的吸附影响．结果表明：Pb2＋单元去除率为94．71％,三元复合后为85．50％;SDBS单元去除率为75．36％,三元复合去除率为84．04％;PNP单元去除率和三元复合去除率分别为64．24％,55．57％．表明三元复合对Pb2＋和SDBS的去除产生拮抗效应,而三元复合对PNP起到增强吸附的作用．由IR红外分析可知煅烧高岭土吸附三元复合污染物并没有引起结构的改变,吸附过程为物理吸附．     

氢氧化钠改性粉煤灰制吸附材料研究

以粉煤灰为原料制取水处理吸附材料。研究氢氧化钠浓度、回流时间、液固比、热处理时间和热处理温度对Cd2＋吸收率的影响。结果表明：氢氧化钠处理能显著提高粉煤灰的吸收能力;与未处理的粉煤灰相比,吸收率可由40．1％提高到80％以上：通过实验和分析得出氢氧化钠改性粉煤灰的较佳工艺条件：氢氧化钠浓度为3mol／L,回流时间为10h,氢氧化钠溶液与粉煤灰的液固比为6,热处理时间6h,热处理温度为90℃。