Environmental effects on cv Cabernet Sauvignon (Vitis vinifera L.) grown in Hawke's Bay, New Zealand.: 1. Phenology and characterisation of viticultural environments

Six Cabernet Sauvignon vineyard sites in Hawke's Bay (New Zealand), selected out of 28 sites observed in 1996/97, were studied over three consecutive seasons in order to characterise viticultural environments of this region for this cultivar. Indices of precocity of vine phenology were used to analyse the relationship between phenology at the selected sites and vegetative growth, productivity, fruit ripening and wine sensory characteristics. Marked differences in indices of precocity existed between sites. These differences were mostly correlated with vine vegetative growth and canopy indices. There was no relationship between yield and vine phenology. Indices of precocity were correlated with certain juice constituents measured on a common date, as well as the sensory scores of wines produced by microvinification from grapes harvested on different dates and maturity levels. Vineyard sites that differed in indices of precocity also differed in their environmental characteristics, particularly in soil physical properties and water balance.     

一种智能流量测控仪的开发

提出了一种流量测量和自动控制为一体的智能流量测控仪,介绍了测控仪的整体结构、工作原理、硬件及软件构成,分析了设计中应注意的问题,标定了几种口径的测控仪,证明该装置可实现流量的测量和自动控制的功能。     

大豆胚芽油的提取及组成分析

以大豆胚芽出油率为指标,石油醚为脱脂溶剂,通过单因素和正交试验对大豆胚芽索氏提取工艺进行了研究,并用气相色谱对胚芽油的脂肪酸组成进行了分析。结果表明,大豆胚芽制油的最佳提取工艺为:粒度30目、料液比1:12、回流时间5h,在此条件下,大豆胚芽出油率为10.50%,其主要组成为亚麻酸20.73%、亚油酸52.21%、油酸10.51%、棕榈酸为13.47%。     

活性染料商品化技术的进展

介绍了染料与染料间复配、染料与助剂间增溶的商品化技术及各种复配(增溶)后的商品活性染料，它们的物理性能和应用性能得到进一步的提高，诸如颜色增深、乌黑度和冷水中溶解度等问题。     

新型整流喷嘴式分流器最佳入口工况数值模拟

目的:改善或尽可能消除制冷系统中节流后气液两相制冷剂在蒸发器中分配不均匀导致的制冷系统性能下降的现象。方法:基于多相流模型中的混合物模型,建立整流喷嘴式分流器的物理模型及气液两相流动的数学模型,通过CFD模拟该分流器内部的相分布情况和气液两相分离程度,分析入口工况(流速、干度)对分流器分液均匀性的影响。结果:当入口流速为1 m/s,入口干度为0.2时,流型逐步趋于稳定,形成对称的环形流,分流器在此工况下整体不均匀度达到最小值,分流效果最优。结论:在对分流器结构进行优化的基础上,通过调整入口工况至最佳可进一步优化流型,形成对称环形流实现均匀分液。     

Gas evolution characteristics of three kinds of no-bake resin-bonded sands for foundry in production

No-bake resin-bonded sand is commonly used in casting production.However,its air pollution is relatively serious,especially in the molding and pouring process.For this reason,it is necessary to study the gas evolution characteristics of no-bake resin-bonded sand from room temperature to high temperatures,and not only the amount of gaseous products,but also the composition of the gaseous products.No-bake furan resin-bonded sand(#1),phenolic urethane no-bake resin-bonded sand(#2),and alkaline phenolic no-bake resin-bonded sand(#3)are the three most common no-bake resin-bonded sands in casting.The gas evolution volume and rate of these three no-bake resin-bonded sands were studied.Thermogravimetry-mass spectrometer(TG-MS),headspace-gas chromatography/mass spectrometer(HS-GC/MS),and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometer(PY-GC/MS)were used to measure the composition of the gaseous products emitted from binders at room temperature and high temperatures.The differences between formaldehyde,heterocyclic aromatic compounds(HAC),monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(MAH),and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)gaseous products from the three types of no-bake resin-bonded sands during the molding and casting process were compared.From the perspective of environmental protection,alkaline phenolic no-bake resin-bonded sand and no-bake furan resin-bonded sand are better than phenolic urethane no-bake resin-bonded sand.     

Changes in fatty acid composition and improved sensory quality of backfat and meat of pigs fed bacterial protein meal

A total of 48 pigs (11.4 and 107.2 kg initial and final weight) were used to evaluate increasing dietary levels of bacterial protein meal (BPM) produced on natural gas (0, 50, 100, or 150 g kg⁻¹) on fatty acid composition, sensory properties, and susceptibility of pork to lipid oxidation. Increasing levels of BPM to diets increased the content of C16:1 fatty acids in backfat and muscle and total monounsaturated fatty acids in muscle, but decreased the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids and iodine value in backfat and muscle. Pigs fed diets containing BPM had reduced thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value in backfat and muscle, reduced intensity of odor and rancid odor and taste in pork after short-time storage, and reduced off-odor and off-taste after intermediate-time storage. To conclude, adding BPM to diets for pigs changed the fatty acid profile, improved the oxidative stability, and sensory quality of pork.     

射流孔分布对径流涡轮背盘冷效均匀性的改善

由于可靠性和成本限制,微型燃气轮机涡轮冷却问题尚未形成成熟的解决方案。本文提出了一种简单、高可靠性的径流涡轮背盘冲击冷却技术,并针对由于涡壳几何周向不均匀导致的涡轮背盘冷效不均匀的问题,采用射流孔周向非均匀布置措施对其进行了改善。研究结果表明,在涡舌附近加密射流孔,使其附近对应的冷效极大和极小值均明显提升,冷效均匀性最高改善17.9%。不同非均布射流孔方案对涡轮背盘平均冷效及涡轮整机膨胀比的影响可忽略,对涡轮整机的效率影响不超过0.5%。     

金沙江下游梯级与三峡水库防洪库容互补等效关系研究

长江上游干支流梯级水库和三峡水库均承担着长江中下游的防洪任务,其防洪库容具有一定的互补等效性。本文采用典型年法和最可能地区组成法推求了三峡水库的洪水地区组成,基于不降低原设计防洪标准的原则,探讨了五个典型年和三种设计频率情况下,金沙江下游梯级和三峡水库防洪库容的互补等效关系。结果表明：(1)五个典型年能够反映三峡水库发生大洪水的地区组成规律,金沙江下游梯级和三峡水库防洪库容互补等效关系近似为线性关系。(2)同种典型年和设计频率下金沙江下游四座水库的互补等效系数值近似等同,主要受三峡水库典型年的洪水地区组成影响;当预测洪水主要来源于金沙江(或嘉陵江及未控区间)流域时,等效系数取0.8(或0.5)。(3)通过洪水预报和等效关系动态运用三峡水库防洪库容,在不增加防洪风险的前提下,三峡水库年均汛期可增发电量41.4亿kW·h(+9.86%)。