低VOC低成膜温度水性聚氨酯分散体的合成与表征

以环氧树脂、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)和丙烯酸羟丙酯(HPA)复合改性水性聚氨酯(WPU),制得以丙烯酸酯为核,聚氨酯为壳,HPA为核壳之间桥连的核壳交联型PUA复合乳液。实验研究结果表明:这种复合乳液可以达到较高硬度漆膜(1H以上),最低成膜温度(2～5℃左右)。MMA添加量增大,涂膜硬度、耐水性逐渐提高,乳液的稳定性则随着降低。当MMA含量为20%左右时综合性能较好。     

Regeneration of zinc particles for zinc–air fuel cells in a spouted-bed electrode

Fuel cells wherein zinc particles form a negative electrode and a gas-diffusion electrode (air electrode) is the positive electrode, are under development. Such cells are dependent on the regeneration of the zinc particles (and electrolyte). This paper describes experiments on electrolytic cells equipped with spouted bed cathodes for use in this application. Experiments have been carried out on laboratory scale cells to determine the operability of cells for growing 'seed particles in the range from 0.4 to 1 mm to measure cell voltage and current efficiency (and thereby energy consumption rate), and to identify a suitable material that could be used as a diaphragm (separating the spouted bed from the oxygen evolving anode). A larger cell, capable of producing up to 10 kg Zn per day, was designed and built. The larger cell was run successfully fifteen times and showed cell voltages and energy consumption rates comparable with those of smaller cells.     

反溶剂重结晶法制备萘普生超细微粒

在溶剂(丙酮)-反溶剂(水)体系下,采用反溶剂重结晶法制备了超细萘普生微粒。研究了不同溶剂-反溶剂体积比、重结晶温度、表面活性剂用量及陈化条件对重结晶产物粒径和形貌的影响。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、表面吸附(BET)、红外光谱(IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)等检测手段对原料药和重结晶产物进行了对比分析。实验结果表明,当溶剂与反溶剂体积比为1:20,重结晶温度为4～8℃,表面活性剂聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)的质量分数为0.5%～1.0%,60℃下陈化2 h时。可得到短径300～500 nm,长径1～2μm的超细萘普生粉体。重结晶所得产物的晶型和物理性质均未发生变化,但粒度显著减小,形貌趋于规整且比表面积增加至原料药的5.3倍。     

A new test for cleaning efficiency assessment of cleaners for hard surfaces

A new test was developed to assess the efficiency of no-wiping hard-surface cleaning. The test allows cleaner comparisons according to their ability to remove greasy soils. The chosen approach minimizes the mechanical forces applied while cleaning so that the interactions between a detergent solution and the soil to be removed can be characterized. For this, immersion cleaning was chosen, with coated stainless steel as substrate and pigmented oils as the model soil. Several parameters were studied in defined ranges using the Experimental Design method and systematic comparisons. The test shows high reliability on degreasing assessments and is there-fore especially suited to optimization of nonionic surfactant mixes. The originality of the test lies in the possibility of keeping a visual trace of the cleaned substrate appearance by imprinting it on a piece of paper. The validation of the test leads to corroboration of several practical observations. Temperature and agitation play a major role in cleaning efficiency. Detergent solution concentration is a more relevant parameter than pH. Sodium carbonate is shown to have a higher buffering effect than pentahydrated sodium metasilicate. The test is easy to set up, highly sensitive, and can be adapted to solve the problems encountered by formulators of detergent cleaners, such as screening the best ethoxylated fatty alcohol mix for better degreasing properties.     

双颗粒提升管中细颗粒的混合行为研究(Ⅱ)──弥散颗粒的轴径向混合行为

利用磷光颗粒示踪技术，使用点源示踪的方法在不同的径向位置测得反映颗粒径向扩散行为的停留时间分布曲线，并对弥散细颗粒的径向混合行为进行了分析．提出二维扩散模型描述所测量的停留时间分布曲线特征．实验发现弥散细颗粒的径向扩散Peclet数随粗颗粒加入量的增加而增加，随细颗粒浓度的增大而增大，而几乎不随气速变化．给出了一个与实验数据吻合较好并可适用于单颗粒提升管的关联式．     

羧基偏氯乙烯丁苯胶乳粒子的相态结构和应用性能

以过硫酸铵为引发剂，十二烷基硫酸钠为乳化剂，采用种子聚合工艺，合成了偏氯乙烯质量分数为２３％～４３％的羧基偏氯乙烯丁苯胶乳。通过电镜观察到所合成的胶乳粒子具有核－壳结构。通过测定胶闰子表面层的羧基数量，研究了羧基的分布，结果表明，羧酸种类对羧基在胶乳粒子中及在聚合体系中的分布有重要影响，该胶乳作为地毯背衬粘合剂，具有粘合力高，极限氧指数高的特点，是一种较好的阻燃性粘合剂。     

淤浆鼓泡床中固体粒子的悬浮特性

研究了三相鼓泡床中的临界固含率,以空气作气相,水、乙醇-水、丙酮-水、萜松醇-二甲苯作液相,石英砂、煤、雷奈镍作为固相。分析了鼓泡柱的高径比、气体速度、固体粒子的大小和比重、液体的粘度对临界固含率的影响,提出了含有这些参数的无因次数群的关联式,讨论了本文提出的关联式和文献报导的差别。     

Microstructure and fracture behavior of polypropylene/barium sulfate composites

The microstructure, mechanical properties, and fracture behavior of polypropylene (PP)/barium sulfate (BaSO₄) composites were studied. Four composite samples with different PP‐BaSO₄ interface were prepared by treating the filler with different modifiers. The fracture behavior of the composites under different strain rates was studied by means of Charpy impact tests and essential work of fracture (EWF) tests. It is shown that a moderate interfacial adhesion is favorable for toughening, which ensures that the particles transfer the stress and stabilizes the cracks at the primary stage of the deformation, and satisfies the stress conditions of plastic deformation for matrix ligaments subsequently via debonding. Very strong interfacial adhesion is not favorable for toughness, especially under high strain rate, because the debonding‐cavitation process may be delayed and the plastic deformation of matrix may be restrained. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 1207–1213, 2006     

脲醛树脂乳液干燥成粉末的试验研究

进行了用惰性粒子流化床干燥器将脲醛树脂乳液干燥成粉末的试验研究，产出了品质好的干粉，得出了在试验条件下的干燥强度和热效率，并作了经济性评价。     

冷冻凝聚工艺生产CR322的研制

对原电解质凝聚工艺生产CR322(混合调节型氯丁橡胶)进行了改进，实现了冷冻凝聚新工艺法生产切块CR322，即主乳化剂由松香皂／脂肪酸皂复合型代替了单一松香皂。新工艺解决了冷冻转鼓装置生产CR322过程中“黏杆”及干胶门尼黏度控制等问题。产品无焦烧粒子。且焦烧时间明显延长。