时效对0Cr15Ni5Cu2Ti钢组织与性能的影响

研究了960℃℃和1000℃固溶处理后，时效对马氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢0Cr15Ni5Cu2Ti微观组织与力学性能影响。结果表明，采用960℃和1000℃固溶处理，在455～460℃时效冲击值出现最低值，断121表现为准解理；强度和硬度在460℃时效出现峰值。主要与组织中细小富铜相共格析出有关。随着时效温度增加，钢中富铜相长大，强度和硬度也随之降低。     

Chromatographic performance of monodisperse–macroporous particles produced by “modified seeded polymerization.” I: Effect of monomer/seed latex ratio

In this study, the monodisperse–macroporous particles produced by a relatively new polymerization protocol, the so‐called, “modified seeded polymerization,” were used as column‐packing material in the reversed phase chromatography (RPC) of proteins. The particles were synthesized in the form of styrene‐divinylbenzene copolymer approximately 7.5 μm in size. In the first stage of the synthesis, the monodisperse polystyrene particles 4.4 μm in size were obtained by dispersion polymerization and used as the “seed latex.” The seed particles were swollen by a low‐molecular‐weight organic agent and then by a monomer mixture. The monodisperse–macroporous particles were obtained by the polymerization of monomer mixture in the seed particles. In the proposed polymerization protocol, the number of successive swelling stages was reduced with respect to the present techniques by the use of sufficiently large particles with an appropriate average molecular weight as the seed latex. A series of particles with different porosity properties was obtained by varying the monomer/seed latex ratio. The separation behavior of HPLC columns including the produced particles as packing material was investigated in the RPC mode using a protein mixture including albumin, lysozyme, cytochrome c, and ribonuclease A. The chromatograms were obtained with different flow rates under an acetonitrile–water gradient. The theoretical plate number increased and chromatograms with higher resolutions were obtained with the particles produced by using a lower monomer/seed latex ratio. The separation ability of the column could be protected over a wide range of flow rates (i.e., 0.5–3 mL/min) with most of the materials tested. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 607–618, 2004     

在离子液体[BMIM]BF_4-水中制备Cu_2O粒子

以CuCl2.2H2O和NaOH为原料,离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐[BMIM]BF4-水混合溶剂为介质,利用化学还原法在112℃反应12 h合成了Cu2O粒子,考察了[BMIM]BF4对产物的影响。用XRD、ESEM/EDS和TEM/SAED对Cu2O粒子进行了结构和形貌表征;用FTIR和TG/DSC证实了离子液体修饰在Cu2O粒子的表面,从而有效地阻止了Cu2O粒子的氧化和团聚;用紫外-可见吸收光谱估测了Cu2O粒子的带隙能量为2.38 eV。离子液体在反应中发挥了还原剂、稳定剂、分散剂和模板剂的多重作用。     

ON THE DYNAMICS OF THE COMBUSTION OF SINGLE CHAR PARTICLES

Diffusion and reaction models of varying complexity are used to study the stability of the combustion of single char particles. In contrast to past studies which have considered only the reaction of carbon with oxygen, both the heterogeneous reactions of carbon with oxygen and carbon dioxide and the homogeneous oxidation of carbon monoxide are taken into account in the formulation of the mathematical models. Emphasis is placed on the investigation of the feasibility of occurrence of oscillatory combustion. Our results show that high rates of the C-O₂ reaction and high concentration of O₂ in the ambient favor the occurrence of multiple steady states and oscillatory solutions, but the appearance of oscillatory instability is suppressed by the homogeneous reaction in the gas phase and the presence of CO and CO₂ in the ambient. The parametric investigation of the problem reveals, in agreement with the results of past studies, that the heat capacity of the porous solid, the Lewis number, and the thickness of the stagnant film are three key parameters for the occurrence of the oscillatory response of the system. Reasonably large values of solid heat capacity practically eliminate the possibility of oscillatory combustion, but an appropriate combination of large values of stagnant film thickness and small Lewis numbers may offset the effect of solid heat capacity     

Monodisperse‐porous poly(styrene‐co‐divinylbenzene) beads providing high column efficiency in reversed phase HPLC

A multistage polymerization protocol, the so‐called “modified seeded polymerization,” was developed for the production of monodisperse‐porous poly(styrene‐co‐divinylbenzene) providing high column efficiency as a packing material in reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RPLC). In the first stage of the multistage production, uniform polystyrene seed particles, produced by dispersion polymerization, were swollen by an organic agent (i.e., the diluent) and then by a monomer mixture containing styrene and divinylbenzene. The final porous particles were obtained in the monodisperse form by the polymerization of monomer mixture in the seed particles. By the use of a small size seed latex with low molecular weight and by the selection of the appropriate diluent, relatively small monodisperse‐porous particles with suitable pore structure could be achieved. In the reversed phase separation of alkylbenzenes, under isocratic conditions, theoretical plate numbers up to 40,000 plates/m were achieved by using 5.2 μm porous particles, obtained by a toluene‐dibutyl phthalate mixture as the diluent. No significant decrease in the resolution power was observed by the fourfold increase in the mobile phase flow rate. The column efficiency and the resolution observed with 5.2 μm monodisperse‐porous particles were significantly higher with respect to the currently available polymer based packing materials used in the reversed phase HPLC. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 95: 1430–1438, 2005     

Kinetics of hydrogen evolution on submicron size Co, Ni, Pd and Co–Ni alloy powder electrodes by d.c. polarization and a.c. impedance studies

Submicron size Co, Ni and Co–Ni alloy powders have been synthesized by the polyol method using the corresponding metal malonates and Pd powder by reduction of PdO _x in methanol. The kinetics of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in 6 M KOH electrolyte have been studied on electrodes made from the pressed powders. The d.c. polarization measurements have resulted in a value close to 120 mV decade^–1 for the Tafel slope, suggesting that the HER follows the Volmer–Heyrovsky mechanism. The values of exchange current density (i _o) are in the range 1–10 mA cm^–2 for electrodes fabricated in the study. The a.c. impedance spectra measured at several potentials in the HER region showed a single semicircle in the Nyquist plots. Exchange current density (i _o) and energy transfer coefficient () have been calculated by employing a nonlinear least square-fitting program.     

聚氯乙烯中杂质粒子的产生原因及解决措施

通过分析聚氯乙烯树脂中杂质粒子产生的主要原因，提出了在采购、保管、生产、清理、分析等环节的解决措施。     

PVC树脂中杂质粒子的来源及消除方法

系统地分析了PVC树脂中杂质粒子的来源和产生原因，提出了解决的方法。杂质粒子与所用原材料、设备、工艺、聚合配方组分及氯乙烯单体中的铁化合物有关。在配方中全用聚乙烯醇做悬浮剂时由于反应前后浓度变化大而容易产生自聚物和粘釜物而增加杂质粒子，加入少量纤雏素可稳定悬浮剂浓度。单体含酸含水所产生的铁锈与氯化铁形成有色胶状物是杂质粒子的重要来源，采用在合成工段滴加碱溶液的方法消除酸和氯化铁，避免胶状物的产生。     

有机硅改性丙烯酸酯核-壳结构压敏胶聚合物乳液的研制

采用种子乳液聚合的方法制备了一种新型具有核/壳结构的有机硅改性丙烯酸酯压敏胶聚合物乳液,讨论了多官能团有机硅氧烷功能性单体、核壳单体结构、乳化剂、引发剂以及聚合温度等因素对压敏胶聚合物乳液性能的影响。     

新型超临界流体抗溶剂法制备超微颗粒的喷嘴设计

设计了一种新型旋转式压力喷嘴，该新型喷嘴利用切线入口和旋转室使料液充分混合并加速，最终雾化以更好地实现SEDS法制备超细颗粒的工艺。同时给出了针对不同物料时计算平均雾滴直径的公式，可以在实验前预估所制备超微颗粒的数量级，并对新型喷嘴结构对雾滴直径的影响因素做了分析。