稠油污水回用湿蒸汽锅炉处理技术研究

稠油污水经处理后回用是环保、节能、减排，提高采收率的有效途径。陈庄集油站污水具有高温、高盐、油水乳化较严重的特点，且硬度较高（达390mg／L）。针对陈庄稠油污水的特点，进行了污水生化处理可行性评价，提出了以气浮、生化处理、化学加药、超滤、反渗透为主要技术的水淡化处理工艺流程。中试结果表明，试验达到了油田污水的处理指标，污水含油小于1mg／L，矿化度366mg／L，满足了湿蒸汽锅炉用水的水质要求。经济分析表明，污水处理后回用于热采锅炉具有很好的经济效益。     

衣藻对重金属生物吸附的实验研究

以衣藻为生物吸附材料,研究了它对重金属钴、铜、锌的生物吸附,并用Freundlich等温吸附方程对实验数据进行处理。结果表明衣藻对这三种金属吸附能力大小顺序为锌钴铜;农藻对重金属的吸附能力很强,可用衣藻来处理含重金属的废水。     

双管分注工艺在稠油定向井的应用

鲁克沁深层稠油油田进行注常温清水开发,应用常规工艺分注后,因套管尺寸大、注水压力高、原油黏度高以及井斜等多因素影响,投捞测试成功率低,冲检频繁,严重制约油藏水驱开发效果。结合稠油油藏特点,对定向分注井进行了双管分注工艺研究与应用。该工艺避免了井下投捞测试,在地面即可实现小层恒流量精细注水、计量、调配,分层压降测试与选层酸化或调剖等,达到了延长冲检周期与降低成本的目的,具有较好的推广前景。     

Scaling Up of Chemical Injection Experiments

Abstract

It is well known that laboratory experiments are the most useful means of developing predictive models for various engineering applications. However, scaling laws should be known in order to scale up laboratory results to field conditions. This scaling up offers a formidable challenge in scenarios involving complex solid/fluid interactions which are predominant in chemical processes such as in petroleum engineering and environmental remediation. This article presents a series of chemical adsorption tests and provides one with the scaled-up versions; these results are then compared with numerical simulation results. Finally, recommendations are made as to how to interpret laboratory experimental results and apply scaling laws to predict field behavior.     

水污染变动的时空特征及其经济驱动因素——以江苏省为例

基于2007—2014年江苏省各地区的经济与水污染数据，运用全局Moran’s I 指数、LMDI指数及LISA聚集图，将水污染的经济驱动因素分解为规模效应、结构效应、科技消费效应及技术污染效应，探究江苏省水污染的时空变动特征。结果表明，GDP与水污染总量在空间上呈正相关关系，2007—2014年相关性先增后减。在时间维度上，规模效应及科技消费效应的变化增加了江苏省各地区的水污染效应，结构效应及技术污染效应的变化则减少了水污染效应；在空间维度上，规模效应及科技消费效应存在低值聚集效应，结构效应不存在显著的空间聚集效应，技术污染效应存在高值聚集效应及高低值聚集效应；江苏省水污染重心为119.6395°E—119.6892°E，32.1038°N—32.2075°N的区域，水污染重心自南向北转移，在东西方向上选择性移动。     

大口径火炮对海射击弹着点检测激波定位模型

对海射击受能见度、目标运动等因素的影响,弹着点检测困难.针对激波稳定性好、受环境因素影响小等特点,提出了一种弹着点检测的激波定位模型,利用试验方法确定弹丸系数,利用传感器阵检测弹道激波,利用射弹飞行时间和落速确定弹道入射方向,综合激波到达时间差和传感器之间的几何关系,从而实现单发弹着点、弹群射的精确检测,将弹着点定位精度提高到10 m范围之内,检测可靠性大于95%.能够用于大口径火炮对海间瞄射击弹着点检测和实弹射击成绩评定,为炮兵对海射击弹着点检测提供了一种准确、有效手段.     

Impact of agriculture activities on a coastal aquifer in Tunisia and options for a better water management

The quality of a coastal aquifer (Korba, Tunisia) in a semi-arid agricultural region was studied by the collection and analysis of groundwater samples for their main chemical and biological parameters in relation to the SEQ evaluation system for groundwater quality. Results indicate important anthropogenic deterioration. Most of the samples were unsuitable for drinking-water production; animal drinking and irrigation with these waters will require caution. The high contamination is mainly due to the local intensive agriculture. Based on the objectives-oriented project planning method, regulatory and socio-economic instruments were extensively developed to encourage sustainable agriculture through a participatory exercise.     

The perception of temporal order along the mental number line.

R. Sekuler, P. Tynan, and E. Levinson (1973) found that when 2 characters are presented side-by-side with a short onset asynchrony, subjectively they often appear in a “first-left, then-right” order. The authors of this article conducted 6 experiments in which observers judged the temporal order (TOJs) in which 2 digits were presented. They found a consistent TOJ benefit (larger d`) when the numerically smaller digit was presented first, even though this semantic information was irrelevant to the task and unrelated to the correct response. They concluded that digits located to the left of the mental number line are transmitted faster to a central comparison stage, which represents an “internal counterpart” to the Sekuler et al. (1973) finding regarding external locations. A corresponding benefit is found for letters pairs (e.g., A–Z) and also for mixed digit–letter pairs (e.g., 1–Z). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)