Developing openness to diversity in living-learning program participants.

The purpose of the current study was to address how college student openness to diversity is influenced by campus environments. The contact hypothesis (Allport, 1954) provided the theoretical frame for studying 2,074 living-learning program participants and their campus environments. Results revealed that college environments accounted for a significant amount of openness to diversity variability, R2 = .32, F(2, 2027) = 20.39, p     

Leader vision and the development of adaptive and proactive performance: A longitudinal study.

In this study, the authors investigated how leader vision influences the change-oriented behaviors of adaptivity and proactivity in the workplace. The authors proposed that leader vision would lead to an increase in adaptivity for employees who were high in openness to work role change. In contrast, they proposed leader vision would be associated with an increase in proactivity when employees were high in role breadth self-efficacy. These propositions were supported in a longitudinal survey of 102 employees who provided self-report data about their leader and their work behaviors. The findings provide insight into the interaction between leaders and followers in responding to a change imperative. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Measuring the degree of economic opening in the German electricity market

Barriers to entry can cause differences between “legal” and “economic” degrees of market openness. The German electricity market is legally 100% open. The industrial segment is also close to being economically 100% open. The general pattern indicates a mature market. However, the domestic segment is economically only 61% open. Possible explanations of this difference from its legal openness are mismatch of regulation and market strategies of incumbents. For the total market, the economic degree of market openness is 89% based on volumes. It is 61% based on customer numbers, reflecting the fact that the vast majority of customers are domestic.     

Cognitive engagement and cognitive aging: Is openness protective?

The purpose of this study was to examine whether openness to experience is related to longitudinal change in cognitive performance across advancing age. Participants were 857 individuals from the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging (SATSA). Factors for 5 cognitive domains were created, including verbal ability, spatial ability, memory, processing speed, and a global score, g. Latent growth curve models were used to assess level and longitudinal trajectories of cognitive performance. It was hypothesized that individuals who endorsed higher levels of openness would have higher cognitive test scores and lesser rates of cognitive decline. As predicted, higher openness to experience was associated with significantly higher performance across all cognitive tests for both men and women even after adjusting for education, cardiovascular disease, and activities of daily living. Openness, however, was not predictive of differences in the trajectories of cognitive performance over age. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Winning combinations: search strategies and innovativeness in the UK

Searching for the most rewarding sources of innovative ideas remains a key challenge in management of technological innovation. Yet, little is known about which combinations of internal and external knowledge sources are triggers for innovation. Extending theories about searching for innovation, we examine the effectiveness of different combinations of knowledge sources for achieving innovative performance. We suggest that combinations involving integrative search strategies – combining internal and external knowledge – are the most likely to generate product and process innovation. In this context, we present the idea that cognitively distant knowledge sources are helpful for innovation only when used in conjunction with knowledge sources that are closer to the focal firm. We also find important differences between product and process innovation, with the former associated with broader searches than the latter. Using a large-scale pooled sample of UK firms, we find overall support for our conjectures, particularly in terms of product innovation.     

CAD系统的Broker-Agent结构

本文在研究以往的以数据为中心，以执行为中心和面向对象的几类ＣＡＤ系统模型的基础上，着眼于ＣＡＤ系统的开放性和有效性，逐步提出了ＣＡＤ系统的Ｂｒｏｋｅｒ－Ａｇｅｎｔ结构，并详细研究了结构中Ｂｒｏｋｅｒ和Ａｇｅｎｔ的功能实现，之后进一步分析了Ｂｒｏｋｅｒ－Ａｇｅｎｔ结构对ＣＡＤ系统构成的影响，最后给出了该结构的应用实例。ＣＡＤ系统Ｂｒｏｋｅｒ－Ａｇｅｎｔ结构的提出为更开放和更有效的ＣＡＤ系统建模打下了     

多智能体系统的一种合作机制

作者试图通过引入合作机制促进成一群理性的独立自治Ａｇｅｎｔ在不同分工间的平衡，从而达到计算资源在系统中的合理分配，与以往Ｃｏｒｋｉｌｌ，Ｓｏ，Ｆｊｕｉｔａ，Ｉｔｏ等人研究工作的区别在于合作由Ａｇｅｎｔ自发产生，且充分考虑了环境对Ａｇｅｎｔ行为的影响，文中所建立的分布式运输调度实验系统可看作是对合同网协议的推广，该系统具有较强的开放性和Ａｇｅｎｔ的自主性，实验验证了合作机制的有效性。     

OPC技术及其对工控系统开放性的影响

OPC技术为组成开放式工控系统提供了有效工具,促进了工控系统朝着开放的方向发展.本文在简述OPC技术及其应用背景的基础上,讨论了OPC技术在信息集成中的作用:通过OPC接口实现对现场实时数据的一致访问,实现不同应用软件间的即插即用,实现控制系统的集成与数据共享.     

“维基解密”热的冷思考

本文简要叙述了“维基解密”事件,介绍了“维基解密”的传播机理,并从网络信息安全的角度进行了研究、分析。     

基于ATML框架的开放式TPS设计及系统应用

目前大部分测试系统软件开放性的设计取决于数据库的开放程度,而一直以来测试数据库的框架体系以及所包含的内容缺乏可依托的标准,限制了测试程序集(TPS)的可复用性和可移植性,而且维护升级耗时耗力。结合近两年逐步完善的ATML标准框架的相关内容,分别从测试需求描述、测试通道描述、测试信息描述、测试结果描述等方面建立符合统一规范的"模式"(schema),将TPS的开放性设计转化为对测试信息描述文档建立的开放性设计。同时,根据对ATS使用的权限将TPS的开放优先级按3级划分,既保证了ATS软件的正常可靠运行,又方便了TPS的维护和升级。