两种溃坝模型在唐家山堰塞湖溃决模拟中的对比

基于唐家山堰塞坝溃决的实测数据,使用BREACH模型及中国水科院DB-IWHR模型,对唐家山堰塞坝溃决过程进行了反演分析,并对两种模型进行参数敏感性分析。研究结果表明:使用针对唐家山的参数,两种模型均可较好地反演唐家山溃决洪水的过程,BREACH模型的下游坡比和孔隙率是对结果影响比较敏感的输入参数;DB-IWHR模型在冲刷参数和下游水深计算两方面做了改善,较好地解决了这一问题;DB-IWHR提供了一个Excel格式的计算软件,数值分析稳定性好,使用简洁客观,可供类似堰塞湖应急处置时参考。     

陶瓷热障涂层在化工过程装备中的应用

针对化工生产中的易氧化、高温腐蚀和易磨损等因素,提出适用于化工过程装备的材料体系设计方案。在方案中将材料设计思路创造性地应用到陶瓷热障涂层,提出了对其进行结构设计的总体思路,并对主要设计参数的设计方法进行了初步研究。     

基于双剪理论的饱和/非饱和渗流边坡稳定性分析

根据Bishop非饱和有效应力假定建立了适用于非饱和土的双剪统一强度理论。基于非饱和土双剪统一强度理论使用二维显式有限差分程序FLAC,以某边坡模型试验为例,考虑土体强度的中间主应力效应及渗流的影响,分析了地下水位升降导致的饱和/非饱和渗流条件下边坡稳定性分析问题。饱和及非饱和渗流的计算分析均说明忽略中间主应力效应的计算结果与边坡模型试验结果不相符。地下水位下降过程中,按相关联流动法则计算得出边坡只存在一条滑动面,而非相关联流动法则计算结果显示边坡存在多条滑动面。     

高聚物防渗墙土石坝及其应力场与渗流场耦合分析

系统介绍了土石坝防渗加固工程中高聚物防渗墙的施工方法和步骤,在考虑实际工程条件基础上,建立坝体正常蓄水情况下高聚物防渗墙土石坝应力场与渗流场耦合分析的数值模型。高聚物防渗墙堤坝在考虑渗流-应力耦合作用时,坝体不同位置处的最大压应力的结果要大于不计耦合时的压应力值,且高聚物防渗墙竖向位移和水平位移值考虑耦合时明显大于不计耦合时,坝体内浸润线位置也有同样变化。分析结果说明忽略渗流与应力耦合作用会导致坝体和墙体的位移和应力计算结果偏小,为今后高聚物防渗墙除险加固工程的设计及施工提供理论依据。     

Phase evolution and thermophysical properties of high-entropy RE2(Y0.2Yb0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2Ce0.2)2O7 oxides

Pursuing novel thermal barrier–coating materials with lower thermal conductivity and high-temperature stability can simultaneously improve the working efficiency and service temperature of a gas turbine. In this study, a series of high-entropy RE₂(Y_0.2Yb_0.2Nb_0.2Ta_0.2Ce_0.2)₂O₇ (RE = La, Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy, and Er) oxides were prepared though solid-state reaction. Through tuning the rare-earth cations, an order–disorder transition occurs from certain partially ordered weberite structure (C222₁) to disordered defective fluorite structure (Fm$\overline{3}$m). All the high-entropy RE₂(Y_0.2Yb_0.2Nb_0.2Ta_0.2Ce_0.2)₂O₇ oxides possess low thermal conductivity in the range of 0.91–1.34 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹ at room temperature, which can be attributed to increased lattice anharmonicity and disorder, resulting in additional phonon scattering. Herein, we proved that the incorporation of heterovalent cations at B-sites in high-entropy A₂B₂O₇ crystals is an effective strategy to reduce the thermal conductivity without compromising the decrease of oxygen vacancy. Moreover, the high-entropy RE₂(Y_0.2Yb_0.2Nb_0.2Ta_0.2Ce_0.2)₂O₇ oxides show the relatively higher thermal expansion coefficients of 10.3–10.7 × 10⁻⁶°C⁻¹ and excellent phase stability at elevated temperatures.     

Immobilization of biologically active species on PA‐6 foils treated by a dielectric barrier discharge

In the field of biomaterials and biomedical devices, surface activation has been focused on creating functional groups capable of preferential adsorption of biologically active species (proteins, enzymes, cells, drugs, etc.). In this way an interface can be created between the synthetic material and the biological medium, with the aim of increasing the compatibility of the implant with the human organism. In our experiments a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD), in helium at atmospheric pressure, was used as the source of energy capable of creating active centers that render the functionalized surface favorable to immobilization of biological molecules. Retention of immunoglobulin (IgG) and heparin biomolecules on polyamide‐6 (PA‐6) surfaces after treatment by the DBD was analyzed by atomic force microscopy, adhesion evaluation, and measurement of the contact angle titration in order to assess this incorporation on the treated surfaces. The marked adsorption of the biomolecules on the active sites created by DBD on the exposed surfaces also was related to a complex set of processes, such as enhanced roughness, increased surface wettability, and modified distribution of cationic and anionic groups on the treated surfaces. All these factors could promote interfacial interactions between the specific groups of the biomolecules existing in the biological medium and the type of cationic and/or anionic groups present on the surface. The efficiency of the DBD treatment showed that the DBD technique is useful for preactivation of the polymer surface for immobilization of other biologically active species (such as drugs and enzymes). © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 1985–1990, 2003     

向家坝坝基排水孔涌水量控制标准研究

为实时监控坝基的渗透安全性,向家坝水电工程采用了坝基扬压力和涌水量可实时调控的坝基渗流自动化控制系统。排水孔涌水量控制标准是系统运行的关键指标之一。在对左非3坝段坝基渗流实测资料分析的基础上,采用渗流数值分析方法全面研究了左非3坝基扬压力和水力梯度分布特点,获得了坝基排水孔出流控制涌水量与孔口控制压力之间变化关系。依据排水孔控制涌水量与控制孔口压力之间的函数关系,结合坝基扬压力设计值和控制水力坡降的要求,提出了向家坝坝基可控抽排系统涌水量标准,并成功应用于工程实践中,取得了预期效果。     

某面板堆石坝渗流控制措施有效性评估

本文基于ANSYS运用三维稳定渗流有限元法对某面板堆石坝进行渗流稳定性分析,研究了渗控措施设计方案下工程的渗流场分布及渗透稳定性,评价渗控措施的有效性,并对混凝土面板和防渗帷幕的渗透系数的变化对大坝渗流场的影响进行模拟.研究结果表明:大坝防渗系统防渗效果较好,有效的控制了坝内渗流场的分布;混凝土面板及防渗帷幕渗透系数的改变对渗流场影响较大,在渗控系统的施工过程中须严格控制施工质量.     

高流态大掺量粉煤灰混凝土的研制及应用

通过混凝土配合比的正交试验及有关因素影响效果的分析,确定了高流态大掺量粉煤灰混凝土配合比的最优方案,进而成功用于最深的混凝土防渗墙工程中,为高流态大掺量粉煤灰混凝土的广泛应用提供了参考。     

Optical and surface properties of whey protein isolate coatings on plastic films as influenced by substrate,protein concentration,and plasticizer type

Composite film structures of common plastic polymers including polypropylene (PP) or poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) with whey protein isolate (WPI) coatings may be obtained by a casting method. Optical and surface properties of the resulting WPI‐coated plastic films, as affected by protein concentration and plasticizer type, were investigated to examine the biopolymer coating effects on surface modification with polymeric substrates of opposite polarity. The measured properties involved specular gloss, color, contact angle, and critical surface energy. Regardless of the substrates, WPI‐coated films possessed excellent gloss and no color, as well as good adhesion between the coating and the substrate when an appropriate plasticizer was added to the coating formulations. The protein concentration did not significantly affect gloss of WPI‐coated plastic films. Among five plasticizers applied, sucrose conferred the most highly reflective and homogeneous surfaces to the coated films. The WPI coatings were very transparent and the coated films with various protein concentrations and plasticizers showed no noticeable changes in color. Experimental results suggest that WPI coatings formulated with a proper plasticizer can improve the visual characteristics of the polymeric substrate and enhance water wettability of the coated plastic films. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 335–343, 2004