Axial offset control of PWR nuclear reactor core using intelligent techniques

Improved load following capability is one of the main technical performances of advanced PWR (APWR). Controlling the nuclear reactor core during load following operation encounters some difficulties. These difficulties mainly arise from nuclear reactor core limitations in local power peaking, while the core is subject to large and sharp variation of local power density during transients. Axial offset (AO) is the parameter usually used to represent of core power peaking, in form of a practical parameter. This paper, proposes a new intelligent approach to AO control of PWR nuclear reactors core during load following operation. This method uses a neural network model of the core to predict the dynamic behavior of the core and a fuzzy critic based on the operator knowledge and experience for the purpose of decision-making during load following operations. Simulation results show that this method can use optimum control rod groups maneuver with variable overlapping and may improve the reactor load following capability.     

稀土贵金属材料研究进展

本文总结了贵金属材料应用中存在的关键问题,综述了近年来国内外稀土贵金属材料研究领域中的主要进展。从净化、细化和微合金化的角度,分析了稀土在贵金属中的作用机理。根据稀土在不同贵金属中的作用特性,讨论了在我国开展新型稀土贵金属材料研究,提高稀土附加值,满足工业增长需求的可行性和紧迫性。     

改进GM（1，1）残差修正模型在光伏发电量短期预测中的应用

采用改进的GM（1,1）残差修正模型建立光伏发电量预测模型,从理论发电量和实际发电量两方面对5．6kW太阳能光伏发电系统的发电量进行预测．通过对比GM（1,1）模型和改进的GM（1,1）残差修正模型的预测结果,证明采用改进的GM（1,1）残差修正模型预测短期太阳能光伏发电量能够取得更好的预测效果．     

UV/Fenton法降解四环素废水的试验研究

分析了FeSO4和H2O2的初始浓度及溶液pH值对UV/Fenton法降解四环素废水的影响.结果表明四环素的初始浓度为25,mg/L时,降解四环素的最佳工况:FeSO4的初始浓度为0.05mmol/L,H2O2的初始浓度为10,mmol/L,pH值为2.5,在反应时间为60,min时,对四环素的去除率可达93.14%.另外,对自然光、太阳光、紫外光三种不同光照条件进行了对比试验,得出紫外光辐照下的四环素去除率最高,太阳光次之,自然光最小.     

高强耐热铝合金2A70-4T6棒材的研制

研究了高强耐热铝合金2A70—4T6棒材的化学成分、挤压工艺、热处理工艺对其组织性能的影响。通过大量的对比试验．确定了最佳的化学成分范围、合理的挤压工艺和热处理工艺制度。研制出多批量大规格2A70—4T6铝合金棒材，满足了用户的需要。     

大功率先进压水堆IVR-ERVC旁通流道冷却强化研究

本文提出旁通流道冷却强化方案,采用RELAP5系统安全分析程序定性研究了旁通流道对大功率先进压水堆压力容器外部冷却的自然循环能力产生的效应,并对一些流动参数和边界条件进行敏感性分析。结果表明:旁通流道对ERVC系统流道局部区域起到增强对流换热的效果,并且随旁通流道直径及射流角度的增加,对流换热增强;入口位置对局部区域的换热产生影响。本工作可为ERVC的冷却能力和结构设计提供参考。     

Development of an objective mental workload assessment tool based on Rasmussen's skill–rule–knowledge framework

It is important to monitor operators’ mental workload during the operation phase. Physiological measurement approaches could record the operator's mental data continuously, and might be less interruptive on the work activities. However, these methods often require the attachment of physical sensors, which are not unobtrusive in the physical sense. Furthermore, the individual difference makes calibrating to each individual tedious and requires trained persons to use. Often high noise-to-signal ratio data are hard to analyze. Due to these factors, physiological workload measurements are hardly widely applied in practical fields. In this study, an objective, non-intrusive and performance-based mental workload predictive model was proposed with high validity (R² = 0.51), which can be applied during the operation phrase. This model, developed based on the Rasmussen's skill–rule–knowledge framework, is comprised of two novel cognitive indices, the attention required index and uncertainty index. It can be used as the basis for establishing an early online warning system automatically. Furthermore, this model also predicts the types of error-prone tasks. This kind of information is expected to provide managers and supervisors with opportunities to intervene and improve tasks before error occurred. Finally, the predictive model proposed in this paper requires more practical application in fields to be completed.     

二次侧非能动余热排出系统流动不稳定性研究

二次侧非能动余热排出（ASP）系统是压水堆核电厂应对全厂断电事故的重要措施之一。为研究ASP系统的运行特性,设计建造了ASP系统试验装置（ASPTF）。在ASPTF上开展了ASP系统运行稳定性影响试验,并对试验结果进行了理论分析。试验研究与理论分析结果表明：低压低功率下ASP系统中出现流动不稳定性;增加蒸汽管线或回水管线阻力系数可抑制ASP系统出现流动不稳定性;降低加热功率时ASP系统更易出现流动不稳定性;主泵运行状态影响ASP系统的输入功率进而影响系统的流动不稳定性。     

Modelling and management of smart microgrid for rural electrification in sub-saharan Africa: The case of Nigeria

Access to electricity is still a challenge in many parts of sub-Saharan Africa. In Nigeria, over 70% of the rural dwellers do not have access to electricity. The purpose of this paper is to examine the potential of a smart microgrid for off-grid rural electrification in Nigeria. A combination of design thinking and model-based design methodology is employed to select a suitable microgrid configuration and to develop a smart microgrid model. A system consisting of a solar photovoltaic array, battery energy storage and a diesel generator is selected, and the model is developed in Simulink. Demand data from 10 rural communities in Nigeria are used to validate the performance of the model and the potential for demand management is considered. The use of energy efficient light bulbs is found to reduce the peak electricity demand of the case study communities by 42 to 76%. Combining the proposed system with the use of LED bulbs makes the system to have 56 to 81% less net present cost than a system with a diesel generator alone and incandescent light bulbs. The proposed smart microgrid is found to be more suitable for off-grid rural electrification in Nigeria than diesel generators which are currently used for off-grid electrification in Nigeria.