YBCO高温超导微带线的非线性光响应特性实验及其应用分析

研究了在波长为0.68μm的连续激光辐照下, YBCO高温超导薄膜微带线结构的光致非线性效应,并从实验现象和高温超导光响应器件研制两个角度进行讨论.主要的研究结果如下:高温超导薄膜微带线结构的非平衡光响应存在阈值,在本实验条件下,当功率＜15mW时,以辐射热效应为主;当功率＞15mW时,出现非平衡光响应.该阈值的获得,对光响应超导器件的设计与制作具有重要指导意义.在此基础之上,设想了一种新型的高温超导衰减器;另外,在反复通断激光实验中,观察到YBCO微带线具有时间累积的记忆效应,从而导致回复时间的出现.该现象也是影响高温超导光响应器件性能的重要因素之一,对非线性光响应超导器件的发展具有重要价值.     

NbTi超导线材井式真空氮气保护热处理炉的研制

本文介绍了工频NbTi超导线材井式真空氮气保护热处理炉的设备组成、主要技术参数、结构特点和两种热处理状态下试验数据的对比分析,并指出了该设备在NbTi超导线材制造行业推广应用的前景.     

托卡马克中等离子体破裂时的过电压研究

为解决托卡马克放电中经常发生的等离子体破裂造成瞬间能量剧变在电源系统内的迅速传播而危及整流元件的安全且目前对破裂的预防和控制手段还不成熟的问题,对等离子体破裂时的情形进行了分析建模。电路参数的计算及MATLAB仿真发现,不同类型破裂时产生的过电压幅值和作用时间相差较大;电源系统中过电压波的传播及对整流元件影响的分析表明,一般保护难以兼顾不同类型破裂时产生的过电压冲击,因此介绍了针对等离子体破裂时产生的过电压的复合保护器,由非线性电阻和间隙组成。仿真结果和试验证明其效果良好。     

Superconducting Properties of Iodine-Intercalated Bi<Subscript>2</Subscript>Sr<Subscript>2</Subscript>Ca<Subscript>2</Subscript>Cu<Subscript>3</Subscript>O<Subscript>10+<Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript>

The superconducting properties of iodine-intercalated high-temperature superconducting Bi₂Sr₂Ca₂Cu₃O_10+x phase (Bi-2223) were systematically studied. It was found that for samples containing a significant amount of Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_8+x , iodine intercalation results in the dramatic decrease of the inter-granular critical current density, as well as a significant decrease of the critical temperature (T _c), the critical current density in the grains (J _cg), and of the amount of Bi-2223. For samples with a large amount of Bi-2223, T _c changes insignificantly, whereas J _cg can even increase. We argue that the different behavior of the superconducting parameters is the result of various oxygen concentrations, and we explain the effect of iodine intercalation based on the parabolic dependence between T _c and the number of holes per CuO₂ layer. The H(T) curves (determined from the peak position in the loss signal of ac susceptibility) for intercalated samples deviate significantly from the quasi 2D-like behavior, pointing toward an enhancement of the 3D fluctuations of vortices. For the change in the values and dimensionality of the flux pinning in the process of the intercalation, we attempted a qualitative explanation based on the models proposed in literature.     

Observation of a Possible Metallic State Induced by a Parallel Magnetic Field in Superconducting Au0.7In0.3 Samples With Very Low Normal-state Sheet Resistance

We report the observation of an apparent metallic state induced by a parallel magnetic field in Au_0.7In_0.3 samples with very low normal-state sheet resistance. These samples can be modeled as a random array of superconductor-normal metal-superconductor (SNS) junctions. For both the thin planar and cylindrical films, the magnetic field was applied parallel to the substrate of the sample and measurement currents. For the mesoscopic rings, however, a perpendicular field was used. Our electrical transport and tunneling measurements suggest that the samples consist of superconducting In-rich islands not linked by Josephson coupling in the metallic state. The physical origin of the metallic state is discussed.      

Inverse Flux Creep in Ring-Shaped Superconductors

Anomalous flux creep is depicted in ring-shaped superconductors, where the vortex movement goes to the inner edge of the sample. The current dissipation phenomenon is inverted and an induction of the current is achieved. Thus, an increase in the current circulating by the superconductor is obtained. The experimental technique consists in the utilization of a closed magnetic circuit for the current induction and a magnet ring with the field opposite to the vortex trapped in the superconducting wall.     

Research and Development of Superconducting Magnet for Fusion Power

This paper describes mainly technological achievment of superconducting magnet for fusion power for the latest 10 years in Japan. The magnet development had been devoted to tokamak Fusion Experimental Reactor (FER). The major results obtained up to now are as follows.

In toroidal coil program, 12 T field generation, which is requested in a reactor toroidal coil, was realized with 6 kA multifilamentary Nb3Sn conductor in 1 m bore. For scaling-up of toroidal coil, half size coils of FER, LCT coils were tested up to 9 T.

In poloidal coil program, Demo Poloidal Coil project is now under way and coil testing will be started in spring of 1989. The stored energy of this coil is around 40 MJ.

In cryogenic technology program, fabrication and operation of large helium refrigerator technology were well established. A supercritical helium pump of 500 g/s was tested for forced flow coil.     

Enhancement of the Critical Transport Current Density in a Bulk High-Temperature Superconducting Ceramics by Means of Thermomagnetic Treatment

An optimal mode of thermomagnetic treatment of the materials and articles being in paramagnetic state is presented. The results given show the efficiency for application of this mode of thermomagnetic treatment and its combination with the technique of growing crystals from the melt to increase the density of the critical transport current in a bulk high-temperature superconducting ceramics.     

Starting method of a superconducting generator in a combined‐cycle power plant

In the combined‐cycle power plant generators are started by using the igniting arrangement up to the ignition rotational speed of the gas turbine. On the other hand, in the case of using the superconducting generator, it is difficult to apply the igniting arrangement used to generate electricity on the combined cycle for the structure as is. We examined the induction motor starting method for the superconducting generator by using the 70‐MW‐class quick‐response excitation superconducting model generator and the VVVF power supply. From the examination, we confirmed the ability to raise the rotational speed from 6 to 360 rpm. Moreover, it was found to be able to start 200‐MW‐class superconducting generators by the induction motor starting method with the analysis. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 160(2): 30– 38, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience. wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20283     

Spontaneous and Light-Induced Resistive Transitions in Superconducting Thin Film Bridges

In order to study dynamically the resistive states which appear as jumps in the I–V curves of narrow bridges, we have submitted YBaCuO and Nb films to nanosecond current steps and laser pulses simultaneously. In constant current feed, the distinction between hot spots (HS) and phase-slip centers (PSCs) is unambiguous, since HS are compelled to grow or decay, at variance with the stable-in-time PSCs. Thanks to the transient method we show that, even if Joule dissipation associated to a current I is virtually sufficient to sustain the film above T_c, the zero resistance state remains metastable: a hot spot does not arise unless initiated by a PSC, which fact was not reported before. The domains of occurrence of HS and PSCs were then organized in a current–temperature plane. Finally, the theoretical problem of the HS velocity of growth is given an exact solution, in semiquantitative agreement with experiment.