A New Real Time Object Segmentation and Tracking Algorithm and its Parallel Hardware Architecture

Most of the emerging content-based multimedia technologies are based on efficient methods to solve machine early vision tasks. Among other tasks, object segmentation is perhaps the most important problem in single image processing. The solution of this problem is the key technology of the development of the majority of leading-edge interactive video communication technology and telepresence systems. The aim of this paper is to present a robust framework for real-time object segmentation and tracking in video sequences taken simultaneously from different perspectives. The other contribution of the paper is to present a new dedicated parallel hardware architecture. Its composed of a mixture of Digital Signal Processing (DSP) and Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) technologies and uses the Content Addressable Memory (CAM) as a main processing unit. Experimental results indicate that small amount of hardware can deliver real-time performance and high accuracy. This is an improvement over previous systems, where execution time of the second-order using a greater amount of hardware has been proposed.Mahmoud Meribout (BS85, M91). Received the PhD degree in Electronic Engineering from the University of Technology of Compiegne (France), in January 3rd 1995. He worked one year as an Associate Researcher, where he has been involved in some industrial projects related to hardware board design and video processing. FromNovember 1995 to October 2000, he has beenworking in Japan, with NTT and NEC corporations respectively, where he has been involved in several projects related to hardware & software design of next generation multimedia and networking equipments. He is holding several Japanese and American patents related to this particular topic. In 1998, he has received the NTT best award for his research and development records.Maamouru Nakanishi received the B.S. and M.S. in Electronics in 1985 and 1987 respectively, all from Kyoto University. Since 1987, he has been engaged in R&D of parallel processing architectures, memory-processor integration technology at NTT Corporation (Tokyo, Japan), when he has been involved in research on Advanced Content Addressable Memory applied to video processing. In 1998, he has received the NTT best award for his research and development records.     

Low-Cost Testing of 5 GHz Low Noise Amplifiers Using New RF BIST Circuit

This paper presents a new low-cost RF BIST (Built-In Self-Test) scheme that is capable of measuring input impedance, gain, noise figure and input return loss for a low noise amplifier (LNA) in RF systems. The RF BIST technique requires an additional RF amplifier and two peak detectors, and its output is a DC voltage level. The BIST circuit is designed using 0.18 μm SiGe technology. The test technique utilizes output DC voltage measurements and these measured values are translated into the LNA specifications such as input impedance and gain using the developed mathematical equations. Simulation results are presented for an LNA working at 5 GHz. Measurement data are compared with simulation results to validate the developed mathematical equations. The technique is simple and inexpensive. Jee-Youl Ryu received the BS and MS degrees in 1993 and 1997 from Pukyong National University in Electronic Engineering, Pusan, South Korea respectively. He also received the PhD degree in 2004 from Arizona State University in Electrical Engineering, Arizona, USA. He is currently with Samsung SDI Co., Ltd. His current research interests include RF IC design and testing, MMIC design and testing, analog IC design and testing, passives modeling, testing and analysis, and MEMS technology. Dr. Bruce Kim received the B.S.E.E. degree from the University of California, Irvine in 1981, the M.S. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Arizona in 1985, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from Georgia Institute of Technology in 1996. He was an Associate Professor at Arizona State University until 2005. Currently, he is an Associate Professor at The University of Alabama. His current research interests include RF IC testing, MEMS integration and VLSI circuits. He has been working on SiP testing technologies, package electrical modeling, and measurements of RF IC packages. Dr. Kim is a 1997 recipient of the National Science Foundation's CAREER Award and received the Meritorious Award from IEEE. He serves as the Chair of the IEEE CPMT Society TC-Electrical Test, associate editor of the IEEE Transactions on Advanced Packaging, associate editor of Design and Test of Computers, and program committee member of Electronic Components and Technology Conference. He is a senior member of IEEE.     

联合投影逼近子空间跟踪的语音增强算法

本文提出一种联合投影逼近子空间跟踪(UPAST)的语音增强算法。本算法以投影逼近子空间跟踪算法为基础, 在无需对噪声进行任何假定(白噪声或是有色噪声)或近似且不需要任何语音活动检测的前提下,以递推更新的方式得到 语音信号和噪声信号协方差矩阵同时对角化的特征向量和特征值,因而运算复杂度低,实现了有色噪声背景下语音信号的 最优估计。主观和客观测试都表明本算法要优于其它子空间增强算法。     

基于焦面阵列FPA(CCD)探测器的捕获、跟踪和瞄准系统研究

对国内外近年已研制出的多种捕获、跟踪、瞄准系统(ATP)的基本结构进行了分析研究,并围绕基于焦面阵列FPA(CCD)探测器的ATP光路图、ATP发射/捕获协议、ATP发射/捕获方法等,引入提出了一系列最新技术实现方法,为进一步的实验及产品研究提供了基础。     

热容激光器激光输出特性的数值模拟

热容激光器在激射过程中，激光介质的温度快速升高，导致了热容激光器具有特殊的激光输出特性。通过理论分析、数值模拟和实验研究等方法，对热容激光器的激光输出特性进行研究，掌握热容激光器工作的基本规律，为热容激光器的设计、实验提供了重要的参考。建立了描述热容激光输出特性的理论模型，给出了输出功率随激光介质温升及工作时间的变化关系。数值模拟研究结果表明。激光介质的温度从300K升高到400K过程中，阈值功率密度从2．6W／cm^3增加到33．6W／cm^3，输出功率下降7％。利用建立的热容激光器实验装置．测量了不同占空比情况下的输出功率，占空比越高输出功率随时间下降得越快，与数值模拟结果相符。在低占空比时，数值模拟和测量结果吻合较好；在高占空比时出现误差，而且占空比越高误差越大。     

AN ADAPTIVE FEC SCHEME FOR Ka-BAND SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS

Rain attenuation is the major problem for Ka-band satellite communications, and the fading due to rain can be well described by a lognormally distributed, first-order autoregressive model. Forward Error-control Coding (FEC) techniques can be used to reduce the effect of the rain attenuation, but the use of FEC causes a reduction in the bandwidth efficiency. In order to increase the bandwidth efficiency as well as maintain high link availability, an Adaptive Forward Error-control Coding (AFEC) scheme with rain fading prediction is proposed and analyzed in this paper. The results show that AFEC offers a good trade-off between link availability and bandwidth efficiency.     

Pseudonoise code tracking loop for a CDMA system with imperfect power control

In this paper, performance of a pseudonoise (PN) code tracking loop is analysed and simulated for a direct‐sequence/code‐division‐multiple‐access (DS/CDMA) system with imperfect power control in a multipath fading channel. A non‐coherent first‐order delay‐locked loop (DLL) is considered as a PN code tracking loop. Power control error is modelled as a log‐normally distributed random variable. The multipath fading channel is modelled as a two‐ray Rayleigh fading model that is typically applied to land mobile communication environments. The tracking performance of DLL is evaluated in terms of tracking jitter and mean‐time‐to‐lose‐lock (MTLL). From the simulation results, it is shown that for smaller discriminator offset, tracking jitter performance is improved while MTLL performance is degraded. It is shown that large power control error and heavy shadowing substantially degrade the PN tracking performance. Therefore, an accurate power control scheme is very essential to compensate for fading and shadowing for a DS/CDMA system. The extension of analysis to higher‐order loop models is very straightforward. The analysis in this paper can be applied to design the PN code tracking loop for a DS/CDMA system. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

蓝牙跳频算法仿真和系统容量分析

本文讨论了Bluetooth（蓝牙）无线系统的跳频算法，并对其进行了计算机仿真；根据仿真结果，分析了Bluetooth的系统容量，并提出了提高系统容量的建议。     

EM-HMM多频率线跟踪算法

基于隐马尔可夫模型的多频率线跟踪算法 ,能在很低的SNR环境下工作 ,但量化误差较大 ,和计算量大 .本文提出另一种选择量测向量和计算量测概率的方法 ,创造条件减小量化误差 .又经简单论证 ,将EM算法和HMM用于多频率线跟踪 ,严格地 (而不是启发式地 )得到EM HMM算法 ,可以极大地减少计算量 .本文又提出获得初始估计以启动EM HMM算法的二种方法 .仿真计算表明 ,所提的算法是有效的     

用于视频对象平面生成的运动对象自动分割

新的视频编码标准MPEG-4具有基于内容的功能。它把图像序列分解成视频对象平面(VOP),每个VOP代表一个运动对象。文中提出了一种提取运动对象的新的视频序列分割算法,算法的核心是一个对象跟踪器,它利用Hausdorff距离将对象的二维二值模型与后续帧进行匹配,然后采用一种新的基于运动相连成分的模型刷新方法对模型的每一帧进行刷新。初始的模型自动产生,再利用滤波技术滤除静止背景,最后,利用二值模型从序列中提取出VOP。