取向PET薄膜和容器热收缩的热机械分析

用TMA方法研究了双向拉伸PET膜和容器的热收缩特性,讨论了热收缩和分子结构的关系和各种影响因素。实验结果表明,TMA是研究和测试取向聚合物材料热收缩的简便有效方法。     

Tools for dynamic analysis of the general large power system using time-varying phasors

This paper extends the applicable range of phasors for transient analysis from the traditional slow quasi-stationary range to accommodate fast speeds up to the carrier frequency. Rigorous phasor calculus is developed for time varying low pass phasor signals whose bandwidths are less than the 60 Hz carrier frequency. Symmetrical components technique for analysing quasi-stationary unbalanced power system transients is extended to cover the low pass time-varying phasors. It is also proved that the time varying phasors can be used for computing the fast electromagnetic transients within the linear RLC lumped parameter representation of the transmission network irrespective of the transient speeds. In linear networks, this time-varying phasor concept unifies two classical approaches: (1) transient analysis using instantaneous currents and voltages, and (2) steady state analysis using traditional phasors, into analysing both behaviours precisely using the time-varying phasors.     

用有限带宽反射波波形分析法进行储层横向预测

以正演地震模拟为基础的有限带宽反射波渡形分析法是一种新的储层横向预测方法。首先利用波形分解确定地震反射层的地质属性,找出能反映岩性变化的反射波波形特征参数;然后,采用多元数据聚类分析和灰色系统理论完成储层横向的预测。文中以预测江苏 J 凹陷 F 构造上阜二段生物灰岩分布及厚度横向变化为例,简述了反射波波形分析的全过程。预测结果已为钻探证实。     

机械手工作空间分析

研究平面双杆、三杆及漂浮基座机械手工作空间。得到使工作空间最大的优化条件，在三杆机械手的讨论中运用了Lagrange条件极值法。所得结果对机械手设计分析具有一定的指导意义，文章附有计算图线。     

An application of expert systems techniques to the on-line control and fault diagnosis of a mixing process

An application of expert hierarchical control is described in this paper. The control is implemented in a two-level configuration, where the lower layer performs direct regulation control and the upper layer performs supervisory functions. In the regulation layer, a rule-based controller performs the regulation task, where the controller is constructed upon causal relations between subsystems. The control action is inferred from the measurement of both controlled and noncontrolled variables. In the supervisory layer, the main function is a fault diagnosis system which diagnoses faults on-line. The diagnosis is based upon reasoning from the structure of the system and the functions of its components, and efficient diagnosis is achieved by dividing the system into several subsystems. The overall technique has been successfully implemented on a pilot scale mixing process under on-line computer control.     

Geotechnical Investigation Strategies for Lunar Base

Geotechnical characterization of potential lunar sites will be a critical part of the planning and design process. The strategies used to conduct a geotechnical investigation will be dictated by the specific needs of the lunar base, the unique environment of the lunar surface, and general character of the lunar soils and rocks. This paper outlines some of the types of geotechnical information that will be important and identifies some of the more promising strategies which might be used to obtain such information in the lunar environment. Some of the most important geotechnical information for planning and site development will be related to construction in the lunar soil. In addition to construction concerns, geotechnical data for foundation design (or verification of predesigned foundations) will be needed. The geotechnical site‐characterization work should include geophysical techniques, supplemented by conventional mechanical boring and testing only to the degree necessary to correlate geophysical measurements with conventional soil properties and to investigate anomalies. Equipment used for geotechnical site characterization will also serve for mineralogical exploration. Several techniques for geotechnical investigation that may provide very useful information in an expedient manner are described. Geophysical methods include seismic and electromagnetic methods, including seismic surveys that utilize surface waves. Electromagnetic methods such as ground‐penetrating radar are fast, efficient methods for mapping the subsurface, although these techniques do not measure soil characteristics that can readily be correlated with engineering properties. Seismic methods provide information that may correlate with soil strength, compressibility, and excavatability. In‐situ physical testing will likely include penetration testing for direct physical measurement of lunar soil behavior.     

Some experimental findings in compression-after-impact (CAI) tests of CF/PEEK (APC-2) and conventional CF/epoxy flat plates

Compression-after-impact (CAI) tests have been conducted for quasi-isotropic thick plates with 48 plies by using the NASA method and on plates with 32 plies by using the SACMA method. Specimens are made of CF/PEEK (APC-2) and conventional CF/epoxy for the NASA plates and CF/epoxy for the SACMA plates. In the NASA CAI tests, the sequence of delamination buckling and its propagation is clearly revealed through various experimental techniques. One major technique is moiré topography, and the other is thermo-mechanical stress analysis with a high-accuracy infrared sensor. The arrest of delamination propagation just before catastrophic failure due to high fracture toughness is clearly captured by the moiré camera. This behavior provides good CAI values of CF/PEEK. The initial buckling properties of the delaminated region by the impact are then extensively discussed. Numerical predictions of initial buckling stress have been obtained by modelled geometry of the delaminated region simplified from its precise structure clarified by ultrasonic C-scanning. They agree fairly well with the experimental results. The in-plane stress distribution in the delaminated region before initial buckling is measured by an infrared stress graphic system. This compared favorably with finite element predictions. Two types of symmetric buckling modes with respect to the central plate surface, twin and single peak ones, are experimentally captured.     

高放废液化学成分分析

概述了高放废液中25种阳离子、5种阴离子以及总蒸残物、总氧化物、密度和游离酸的分析方法。对核燃料后处理高放废液进行取样分析,其主要化学成分采用两种以上不同原理的方法作对比测定,结果相互符合情况良好,为高放废液处理处置研究设计,提供了完整、准确的基础数据。     

Structural reliability optimization using an efficient safety index calculation procedure

The objective of this paper is to conduct reliability-based structural optimization in a multidisciplinary environment. An efficient reliability analysis is developed by expanding the limit functions in terms of intermediate design variables. The design constraints are approximated using multivariate splines in searching for the optimum. The reduction in computational cost realized in safety index calculation and optimization are demonstrated through several structural problems. This paper presents safety index computation, analytical sensitivity analysis of reliability constraints and optimization using truss, frame and plate examples.     

Fractionation and characterisation for antioxidant activity of hydrolysed whey protein

Whey protein isolate (WPI) was hydrolysed for 1 h using Alcalase, Protamex and Flavourzyme. Native WPI, hydrolysed WPI and two commercial WPI hydrolysates were subjected to fractionation by size exclusion chromatography. Antioxidant activity of WPI fractions was measured with a liposome‐oxidising system (50 µM FeCl₃/0.1 µM ascorbate, pH 7.0). Lipid oxidation was measured as thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS). Gel electrophoresis and amino acid analysis were run to identify the peptide composition. The influence of amino acid composition on antioxidant activity was evaluated using multivariate analysis methods (correlation analysis, principal component analysis, multiple linear regression and discriminant analysis). TBARS assays indicated the presence of antioxidant activity in all protein fractions, including non‐hydrolysed WPI. For native and hydrolysed WPI samples the first fraction (> 45 kDa) showed a higher TBARS inhibition effect (24–27%) when compared with lower‐molecular‐weight fractions and hydrolysate mixtures. In contrast, for commercial WPI hydrolysates a higher inhibitory effect was found in most of the lower‐molecular‐weight fractions (30–55%). The ability of WPI fractions to delay lipid oxidation was found to be related to the prevalence of histidine and hydrophobic amino acids. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry