注浆法在治理自燃矸石山工程中的应用

通过分析矸石自燃原理,提出采用注浆法对自燃矸石山进行治理,并结合某煤矿工程中矸石山治理实例,依据相关检测标准,证明了注浆法是治理自燃矸石山的一种有效方法。     

Dosing free nitrous acid for sulfide control in sewers: Results of field trials in Australia

Intermittent dosing of free nitrous acid (FNA), with or without the simultaneous dosing of hydrogen peroxide, is a new strategy developed recently for the control of sulfide production in sewers. Six-month field trials have been carried out in a rising main sewer in Australia (150 mm in diameter and 1080 m in length) to evaluate the performance of the strategy that was previously demonstrated in laboratory studies. In each trial, FNA was dosed at a pumping station for a period of 8 or 24 h, some with simultaneous hydrogen peroxide dosing. The sulfide control effectiveness was monitored by measuring, on-line, the dissolved sulfide concentration at a downstream location of the pipeline (828 m from the pumping station) and the gaseous H₂S concentration at the discharge manhole. Effective sulfide control was achieved in all nine consecutive trials, with sulfide production reduced by more than 80% in 10 days following each dose. Later trials achieved better control efficiency than the first few trials possibly due to the disrupting effects of FNA on sewer biofilms. This suggests that an initial strong dose (more chemical consumption) followed by maintenance dosing (less chemical consumption) could be a very cost-effective way to achieve consistent control efficiency. It was also found that heavy rainfall slowed the recovery of sulfide production after dosing, likely due to the dilution effects and reduced retention time. Overall, intermittent dose of FNA or FNA in combination with H₂O₂ was successfully demonstrated to be a cost-effective method for sulfide control in rising main sewers.     

UASB处理污水现状及效果分析

说明UASB反应器的基本构造和工作原理，以及现阶段对其启动的主要研究方向问题，全面介绍UASB的应用现状．对其处理各种废水效果进行分析，并对其运行处理过程的一些问题提出自己的看法，总结UASB下一步的发展方向。     

Continuous fermentative hydrogen production from cheese whey – new insights into process stability

Continuous dark fermentation experiments for hydrogen production from synthetic cheese whey were conducted at different HRTs and OLRs. The study mainly aimed at developing a novel criterion to quantitatively assess stability and relating it to the evolution of microbial pathways and associated metabolic products.For HRTs = 6–8 h and OLRs = 65–97.5 g TOC/(L·d), the best hydrogen generation performance was attained, yielding 42–50 L H₂/kg TOC. Instead of using a stability index for the entire test length, accounting for the fluctuations of hydrogen production over 1-HRT periods (dynamic stability index) provided a more accurate assessment of process stability showing a clear correlation with the hydrogen yield. The analysis of the metabolic reactions provided evidence of a competition among acidogenic, hydrogen-consuming and hydrogen-neutral microbial species. This explained the lower process performance in comparison to the theoretical yield expected, pointing out at the need for further investigation on suitable strategies to effectively inhibit undesired metabolic pathways.     

MBBR法处理城市污水去除污染物的特性研究

通过对小试规模的移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)处理南方热带亚热带地区城市生活污水的试验研究,探讨了水力停留时间、pH、填料填充率、冲击负荷对反应器处理效果的影响.试验结果表明,在NRT为6 h,进水COD为300mg·L-1,氨氮质量浓度为15 mg·L-1,填料体积填充率为30%,pH为7左右时,移动床生物膜反应器对COD、氨氮、TN的去除率分别为83.4%、80.1%、49.7%.     

HRT对悬挂链曝气式接触氧化处理污染河水的影响

考察了不同水力停留时间(HRT)下,厌氧-缺氧-悬挂链曝气式接触氧化对重,轻度污染河水的净化效果.结果表明,HRT为2、4、8,12h时,在重、轻度污水水质COD为58.67～85.33mg·L-1、26.67～42.67mg·L-1;NH4+-N为5.20～11.30 mg·L-1、2.79～3.47 mg·L-1,TN为8.10～14.18 mg·L-1,3.15～3.38mg·L-1;TP为0.62～O.82 mg·L-1,0.135～0.39mg·L-1两种典型进水水质情况下,COD、NH+-N和TN的平均去除率都随HRT的增加而升高,但在HRT为8 h后,平均去除率的增幅都变小.TP在重、轻度污水时随HRT变化去除率差异不大.考虑节能与效率,该工艺适宜的HRT为8 h,此时重、轻度污染河水的主要污染指标平均去除率COD为61.87%、25.39%;NH4+-N为61.25%、51.04%;TN为37.66%、26.51%;TP为10.19%、8.77%.     

ABR-MAP-MBR组合工艺处理高浓度养殖废水研究

针对养殖废水高悬浮物、高有机物及高氨氮的特点,采用厌氧折流板反应器/磷酸铵镁沉淀/兼氧-好氧膜生物反应器（ABR-MAP-MBR）组合新工艺对其进行中试处理研究,考察生物反应器的启动运行条件;考察水力停留时间（HRT）、水温和溶解氧（DO）等运行参数对养殖场废水各阶段处理效果的影响;考察MAP沉淀法对ABR厌氧出水的NH₄-N去除效果。结果表明：采用阶梯负荷启动策略,60 d完成ABR反应器的启动,厌氧环节在HRT为24 h、水温25～35℃时COD去除率达73.5%;磷酸铵镁沉淀过程中选择氯化镁、磷酸三钠作为沉淀剂,控制Mg²⁺∶NH₄⁺∶PO₄^3-摩尔比为1.2∶1∶0.95,pH为8.5～9.0条件下处理ABR厌氧出水,COD、NH₄-N和PO₄^3--P去除率分别为28.2%、85.4%和89.7%;通过对A/O-MBR反应器HRT和DO的条件优化,该单元的COD、SS、NH₄-N和TN等指标的去除率分别为82.0%、95.2%、72.4%和67.7%（HRT=16 h,O区DO≥3.0 mg·L^-1）。经过组合工艺的综合处理,系统出水各项主要指标（SS、COD、TN和TP等）达到《畜禽养殖业污染物排放标准》（GB 18596-2001）一级排放标准,表明该新工艺在规模化养殖场废水处理中具有良好的应用前景。     

预处理-物化-生化联合工艺处理制革废水

制革废水是有色、有臭味、有毒性的高浓度有机废水,废水排放不连续、不均匀,水质差别很大。对西南某制革工厂废水采用预处理-物化-生化联合工艺处理。在进水CODcr为200～4000mg/L的条件下,经该工艺处理后出水CODcr在100mg/L以下,各项指标均达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)一级标准,出水水质良好。     

草浆造纸中段废水处理的组合工艺研究

采用ABPb-生物接触氧化-混凝组合工艺处理草浆中段废水。试验结果表明：ABE适宜的停留时间为8h,适宜的容积负荷为2．5kgCOD／（m^3d）以下,COD去除率可达38．8％～41．6％;生物接触氧化池的适宜水力停留时间为10h,适宜的容积负荷为0．75～1．2kgCOD／（m^3·d）,适宜的气水比为20：1,COD去除率为62．7％～65．5％;混凝剂聚合氯化铝铁（PAFC）最佳用量为0．5g／L。经组合工艺处理后,中段废水生物接触氧化处理效率有较大提高,系统COD去除率保持在91．3％～92．4％,出水COD基本达到DB57／336-2005的要求。     

Direction of glucose fermentation towards hydrogen or ethanol production through on-line pH control

The present study investigated the production of hydrogen (H₂) and ethanol from glucose in an Anaerobic Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (ACSTR). Effects of hydraulic retention time (HRT) and pH on the preference of producing H₂ and/or ethanol and other soluble metabolic products in an open anaerobic enriched culture were studied. Production rates of H₂ and ethanol increased with the increase of biomass concentration. Open anaerobic fermentation was directed and managed through on-line pH control for the production of H₂ or ethanol. Hydrogen was produced by ethanol and acetate-butyrate type fermentations. pH has strong effect on the H₂ or ethanol production by changing fermentation pathways. ACSTR produced mainly ethanol at over pH 5.5 whereas highest H₂ production was obtained at pH 5.0. pH 4.9 favored the lactate production and accumulation of lactate inhibited the biomass concentration in the reactor and the production of H₂ and ethanol. The microbial community structure quickly responded to pH changes and the Clostridia dominated in ACSTR during the study. H₂ production was maintained mainly by Clostridium butyricum whereas in the presence of Bacillus coagulans glucose oxidation was directed to lactate production.