沸石填料BAF处理制革废水的研究

在BAF反应器沸石成功挂膜后,考察了不同进水方式和水力停留时间下,生物沸石对氨氮和COD的去除效果,结果表明:上向流进水对污染物去除效果要好于下向流,上向流的COD去除率最高达85%,氨氮去除率达到95%,出水氨氮浓度低于15mg/L;2种进水方式下,对氨氮的去除均以离子交换作用为主,上向流的平均离子交换去除率为76.15%,而下向流则明显强化了硝化作用,平均硝化反应去除率为25.29%;活性污泥和反应柱对COD均具有较好的去除效果,去除率均高于70%;反应柱对氨氮的去除率高于75%,当水力停留时间为10h时,氨氮去除率为92.4%,反应柱对实际制革废水氨氮的去除率为84.6%。     

高效初沉发酵池处理城市污水的中试研究

应用生物絮凝沉淀和水解发酵耦合工艺,将传统的初沉池改造为集进水悬浮固体的沉淀分离和沉淀污泥的产酸发酵为一体的高效初沉发酵池,以优化碳源结构,提高后续工艺的污泥活性和脱氮除磷能力。在水力停留时间为0.75 h、悬浮污泥絮体层界面高度不低于高效初沉发酵池有效池深的70%、SRT为4 d的条件下,考察了高效初沉发酵池对进水水质的改善效果。结果表明:高效初沉发酵池对SS的去除率为78%,是普通初沉池的近2倍;出水VSS/SS均值为71.9%,较普通初沉池提高了17.3%;出水C/N和C/P值较进水值分别提高了33%和14%,且明显高于污水厂普通初沉池出水水质。碳源结构的改善提高了后续生物处理工艺的脱氮除磷效果,对TP的去除率稳定在90%～98%。     

工业园区集中式污水处理厂曝气池HRT的确定

为指导确定工业园区内集中式污水处理厂曝气池的HRT,利用测定的各企业排放废水的好氧呼吸曲线．根据耗氧速率曲线折点和可充分降解的水量的比例,确定综合废水曝气池的HRT。试验结果表明,某工业园区企业PG1-～PG1—6和YR2—1～YR2—4废水的HRT应分别为：26、22、22、40、30、50、36、16、16、16h,确定综合废水曝气池HRT设计值为36h．与采用该方法测定的工业园区综合污水厂实际的曝气池HRT（32h）接近。该方法简单有效,可合理确定工业园区集中式污水处理厂的曝气池HRT设计值。     

ABR处理含硫酸盐废水过程中硫转化的研究

采用厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)处理含硫酸盐废水,考察了硫在反应器中的转化规律,以及HRT和进水COD/SO24-值对硫转化的影响。结果表明,ABR中发生了硫酸盐在第1隔室被大量还原而生成的硫化物,并在之后的各隔室被逐步氧化的现象;HRT越小,硫酸盐的还原率越高;对于低浓度废水,当进水COD/SO24-值2.5时,硫酸盐还原率基本可稳定在90%左右,而当进水COD/SO42-值为1.7～2.5时,硫酸盐还原率可能会大幅下降。     

Effect of hydraulic retention time on hydrogen production and chemical oxygen demand removal from tapioca wastewater using anaerobic mixed cultures in anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR)

This study evaluated hydrogen production and chemical oxygen demand removal (COD removal) from tapioca wastewater using anaerobic mixed cultures in anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR). The ABR was conducted based on the optimum condition obtained from the batch experiment, i.e. 2.25 g/L of FeSO₄ and initial pH of 9.0. The effects of the varying hydraulic retention times (HRT: 24, 18, 12, 6 and 3 h) on hydrogen production and COD removal in a continuous ABR were operated at room temperature (32.3 ± 1.5 °C). Hydrogen production rate (HPR) increased with a reduction in HRT i.e. from 164.45 ± 4.14 mL H₂/L.d (24 h HRT) to 883.19 ± 7.89 mL H₂/L.d (6 h HRT) then decreased to 748.54 ± 13.84 mL H₂/L.d (3 h HRT). COD removal increased with reduction in HRT i.e. from 14.02 ± 0.58% (24 h HRT) to 29.30 ± 0.84% (6 h HRT) then decreased to 21.97 ± 0.94% (3 h HRT). HRT of 6 h was the optimum condition for ABR operation as indicated.     

Optimization of mechanical pre-treatment of Laminariaceae spp. biomass-derived biogas

Macroalgae have not met their full potential to date as biomass for the production of energy. One reason is the high cost associated with the pretreatment which breaks the biomass's crystalline structure and better exposes the fermentable sugars to anaerobes. In the attempt to overcome this technological barrier, the performance of a Hollander beater mechanical pretreatment is assessed in this paper. This pretreatment has been applied to a batch of Laminariaceae biomass and inoculated with sludge from a wastewater treatment plant. The derived biogas and methane yields were used as the responses of a complex system in order to identify the optimal system input variables by using the response surface methodology (RSM). The system's inputs considered are the mechanical pretreatment time (5–15 min range), the machine's chopping gap (76–836 μm) and the mesophilic to thermophilic range of temperatures (30–50 °C). The mechanical pretreatment was carried out with the purpose of enhancing the biodegradability of the macroalgal feedstock by increasing the specific surface area available during the anaerobic co-digestion. The pretreatment effects on the two considered responses are estimated, discussed and optimized using the tools provided by the statistical software Design-Expert v.8. The best biogas yield of treated macroalgae was found at 50 °C after 10 min of treatment, providing 52% extra biogas and 53% extra methane yield when compared to untreated samples at the same temperature conditions. The highest biogas rate achieved by treating the biomass was 685 cc gTS⁻¹, which is 430 cc gTS⁻¹ in terms of CH₄ yield.     

内循环三相厌氧生物流化床降解精对苯二甲酸废水的研究

以火山岩为载体,制作了内循环式厌氧生物流化床,通过好氧预挂膜、快速排泥、逐步提高负荷法启动,启动时间约47 d。运行稳定后,当精对苯二甲酸(PTA)废水的COD为(4 752.3±41.2)mg/L时,在水力停留时间(HRT)为(17.3±1.2)h、有机负荷(OLR)为6.5kg COD/(m3.d)条件下,COD去除率达(64.0±4.4)%,对苯二甲酸(TA)去除率达(65.1±1.3)%,生物膜量达(13.3±0.2)mgVSS/g载体。对载体进行扫描电镜分析(SEM)得知,载体内为封闭孔,厌氧生物主要生长于载体表面孔内。观测产量为Yobs0.057gVSS/g COD,载体生物基质利用速率为0.83g COD/(gVSSd)。     

曝气生物滤池处理炼油废水的试验研究

采用曝气生物滤池处理炼油废水,考察HRT、进水有机负荷、气水体积比等因素对生物滤池处理效果的影响.结果表明：在HRT为2h,进水CODCr负荷小于2.0 kg/（m3·d）,气水体积比为3时,出水CODCr的质量浓度为16.64 mg/L,去除率为85.41％;出水NH3-N的质量浓度为2.07 mg/L,去除率为74.92％;出水浊度为2.12NTU,去除率为92.15％.曝气生物滤池经过气水联合反冲洗后调整适应期为5h,此时CODCr和NH3-N的去除率分别为70.88％和62.31％,浊度在4.0 NTU以下.     

Pilot‐scale anaerobic/anoxic/oxic/oxic biofilm process treating coking wastewater

BACKGROUND: Biological treatment efficiency of coking wastewater is rather poor, especially for chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia‐nitrogen (NH$_{4}^{+}$ ‐N) removal due to its complex composition and high toxicity. RESULTS: A pilot‐scale anaerobic/anoxic/oxic/oxic (A²/O²) biofilm system has been developed to treat coking wastewater, focusing attention on the COD and NH$_{4}^{+}$ ‐N removal efficiencies. Operational results over 239 days showed that hydraulic retention time (HRT) of the system had a great impact on simultaneous removals of COD and NH$_{4}^{+}$ ‐N. At HRT of 116 h, total removal efficiencies of COD and NH$_{4}^{+}$ ‐N were 92.3% and 97.8%, respectively, reaching the First Grade discharge standard for coking wastewater in China. Adequate HRT, anoxic removal of refractory organics and two‐step aerobic bioreactors were considered to be effective measures to obtain satisfactory coking effluent quality using the A²/O² biofilm system. The correlation between removal characteristics of pollutants and spatial distributions of biomass along the height of upflow bioreactors was also revealed. CONCLUSION: The study suggests that it is feasible to apply the A²/O² biofilm process for coking wastewater treatment, achieving desirable effluent quality and steady process performance. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

初次沉淀池短时沉降效应的模拟试验研究

针对在活性污泥法工艺中究竟应该取消还是保留初沉池这一争论．通过静态和动态沉淀模拟试验，研究初沉池的水力停留时间与初沉池沉降效应的关系，以确定比较合适的初沉池水力停留时间．研究表明，初沉池沉淀时间控制在0.5～1.0h之内应该是适当的，一方面可维持初沉池的本来功能，同时也缓解脱氮除磷中存在的碳源矛盾；另一方面可降低工程基建投资．