Development of a FACS-verified set of basic and self-conscious emotion expressions.

In 2 studies, the authors developed and validated of a new set of standardized emotion expressions, which they referred to as the University of California, Davis, Set of Emotion Expressions (UCDSEE). The precise components of each expression were verified using the Facial Action Coding System (FACS). The UCDSEE is the first FACS-verified set to include the three “self-conscious” emotions known to have recognizable expressions (embarrassment, pride, and shame), as well as the 6 previously established “basic” emotions (anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise), all posed by the same 4 expressers (African and White males and females). This new set has numerous potential applications in future research on emotion and related topics. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Nostalgic research reflections

This research aimed to generate opportunities for UK construction companies, particularly contractors and consultancies with 50 to 150 employees to improve relationships with clients and to increase effectiveness through the exploitation of communication procedures and technologies. The research team used an action learning approach to work with managers from construction companies and housing associations to design and deliver support mechanisms, such as industry workshops, specific to the needs of SMEs. Analysis of the results showed how, as a result of interacting with other groups within a non-adversarial environment and benefiting from the process, partnering and performance improvement came to be seen as both desirable and possible. The trust and confidence generated from working together successfully also led construction SMEs to share good practice with others from the industry, including local competitors. The authors propose that SMEs should be treated as ‘leaders’ and ‘full partners’ within the programme for UK industry improvement being championed by Sir John Egan (1998), rather than simply recipients. It is also suggested that governments provide further support to ensure participation from small and micro firms.

Cette étude a pour objectif de geénérer des opportunités pour les entreprises britanniques du bâtiment, notamment pour les entrepreneurs et les bureaux d'ingénieurs conseil employant de 50 à 150 personnes, afin d'améliorer les relations avec la clientè le et accroîitre l'efficacité grâce à l'exploitation des procédures et des technologies de communication. Lors de ses travaux avec les responsables de la construction et de l'habitat, l'équipe de recherche a adopté une approche basée sur l'apprentissage des processus afin de concevoir et de fournir des mécanismes de support, tels que des ateliers industriels, spécifiques aux besoins des PME. L'analyse des résultats a révelé la f?on dont, suite à l'interaction avec d'autres groupes au sein d'un environnement non concurrentiel et tirant avantage du processes, l'amélioration du partenariat et des performances pouvait s'avérer à la fois souhaitable et possible. La confiance générée par la réussite de la collaboration a également conduit les PME du bâtiment à partager leurs bonnes pratiques avec d'autres acteurs de l'industrie, concurrents locaux inclus. Les auteurs proposent de traiter les PME en tant que ‘leaders’ et ‘partenaires à part entière’ dans le cadre du programme pour l'amélioration de l'industrie britannique défendu par Sir John Egan (1998), et non comme de simples récipiendaires. Il est également suggéré que les gouvernements fournissent d'autres subventions pour garantir la participation des petites et des micro-entreprises.     

Antibacterial mode of action of seed essential oil of Eleutherococcus senticosus against foodborne pathogens

This study investigated the antibacterial mechanism of action of the seed essential oil of Eleutherococcus senticosus (ESEO) against foodborne pathogenic bacteria. Preliminarily, the ESEO (1000 μg disc^?1) showed potential antibacterial effect as diameter of inhibition zones (12.0 ± 0.2–37.0 ± 2.0 mm) against the tested foodborne pathogens. The MIC and MBC values of ESEO against the tested bacteria were found in the range of 125–500 and 500–1000 μg mL^?1, respectively. At MIC concentration, the ESEO had potential inhibitory effect on the cell viability of the tested pathogens. In addition, SEM analysis showed the inhibitory effect of ESEO as confirmed by considerable morphological alterations on the cell wall of B. cereus ATCC 13061 and E. coli O157:H7 ATCC 43889. Moreover, the ESEO revealed its mode of action against foodborne pathogens on membrane integrity as confirmed by release of extracellular ATP, 260‐nm absorbing materials and leakage of potassium ions. These findings confirm that the ESEO can be used as a potential antibacterial agent in food industry to inhibit the growth of various foodborne pathogens.     

超精铣削转鼓六面体反射镜面的金刚石铣刀头

简要介绍超精铣削转鼓六面体反射镜面的金刚石铣刀头的结构、几何参数和主要工艺。通过详细计算和比较阐明了具有凸圆弧前刀面的金刚石铣刀头能铣削粗糙度Ra值达到几个纳米,反射镜面的波纹度P-V值达亚微米级的理论依据。     

The Challenges of Inclusive Cross-Scale Collective Action in Watersheds

Abstract

Increasing attention to watershed management is part of an international policy trend toward integrated water resource management. Integration is multidimensional—across sectors, administrative regions, ministerial portfolios and levels of hydrologic structure and socioeconomic organization. Collective action is key. Individuals need to work effectively together to share common water points; upstream land users and downstream water consumers need to manage and resolve potential conflicts over water quantity and quality, while all the industries, farming communities, urban residents and public agencies that have interests in resource use and environmental quality need to agree on development and conservation objectives and approaches at the basin level. Initiatives that seek to foster collective action in watersheds need to account for the very different interests in water and watershed management. While there may be relatively straightforward ways to foster collective action at a local scale, some forms of collective action may, in fact, be detrimental to other stakeholders. In the developing world in particular, there are often geographic pockets and social groups that are chronically disadvantaged in collective and public processes. Water-users' associations and basin authorities may exacerbate these disparities and further marginalize already poor people. New statutory institutions may intentionally or inadvertently disempower effective customary local institutions. To enable project and program designers to address these challenges better, this paper lays out a framework for assessing the potential for, and implications of, individual and collective decisions in a watershed context. The framework integrates concepts drawn from the biophysical and social sciences, including new perspectives on watershed components, poverty, and collective action. Collective action is seen as a fractal process: collective action for water management at one level of social-spatial organization can have spillover effects at lower and higher levels of social-spatial resolution. To be pro-poor, watershed-management institutions must be genuinely inclusive, deliberately recognizing the interests, perspectives and knowledge of groups that may be systematically excluded from other political and social processes. Researchers, evaluators, watershed-management practitioners and others who apply the framework should be better placed to lay the foundations for that illusive goal: pro-poor, inclusive and resource-conserving development.     

降低高水头射流泵运行噪声初探

射流泵运行噪声的大小是衡量射流泵性能好坏的一个十分重要的指标。本文主要根据泵的大量原、模型试验结果,发现泵的运行噪声大小主要与泵的运行工况、泵的驱动水头、吸上水位和泵的其它参数选择等有关。并且认为射流泵在运行时产生强烈噪声主要来源于泵的严重气蚀。通过对现有已运行射流泵的调查与改造、试验,初步找到了降低高水头射流泵运行噪声的有效途径。     

Turbine网络开发框架构造分析

Turbine是一种基于Servlet的网络应用开发框架，它为特定类型的软件构筑了一个可重用的设计，使得Web开发人员可以快速、安全地构建自己的网络应用。文章首先给出了Turbine作为开发框架的定义；然后介绍了Turbine的构成，探讨Turbine工作的原理；最后简单介绍了如何使用Turbine构建自己的Web应用。     

音频文件格式WAVE的转换

本文详细介绍了WAV声音文件的格式,分析了两种文件头的条目安排及相应文件中的数据存放方式,并简要例举了实际应用。     

Flash脚本在多媒体课件开发中的应用

本文通过一个游标卡尺仿真实验,介绍了FLASH动作脚本在多媒体课件制作中的应用,引深出在多媒体课件制作领域,Flash已成为教师和教育工作者首选的软件。FLASH具备完善的面向对象的程序设计,能够实现多媒体课件各种类型的交互功能,FLASH课件引入课堂以后,改变了课堂教学形式的单一、直观性差的缺憾,构建出一种平等的、互动式的课堂教学模式,成为教师教学和学生学习的有力助手。     

Free viewpoint action recognition using motion history volumes

Action recognition is an important and challenging topic in computer vision, with many important applications including video surveillance, automated cinematography and understanding of social interaction. Yet, most current work in gesture or action interpretation remains rooted in view-dependent representations. This paper introduces Motion History Volumes (MHV) as a free-viewpoint representation for human actions in the case of multiple calibrated, and background-subtracted, video cameras. We present algorithms for computing, aligning and comparing MHVs of different actions performed by different people in a variety of viewpoints. Alignment and comparisons are performed efficiently using Fourier transforms in cylindrical coordinates around the vertical axis. Results indicate that this representation can be used to learn and recognize basic human action classes, independently of gender, body size and viewpoint.