Optimistic bias about online privacy risks: Testing the moderating effects of perceived controllability and prior experience

This study examined the ways in which Internet users construct their risk judgments about online privacy. The results, based on telephone survey data from a national probability sample in Singapore (n = 910), revealed that (a) individuals distinguish between two separate dimensions of risk judgment (personal level and societal level), (b) individuals display a strong optimistic bias about online privacy risks, judging themselves to be significantly less vulnerable than others to these risks, and (c) internal belief (perceived controllability) and individual difference (prior experience) significantly moderate optimistic bias by increasing or decreasing the gap between personal- and societal-level risk estimates. The implications of the findings for research and practice are discussed.     

Development of beliefs about the origins and controllability of dreams.

In three studies the authors investigated the development of beliefs about dreaming. Study 1 assessed 3 to 5-year-old children's beliefs about the origins and controllability of dreams. Results revealed significant changes in children's beliefs about the roles of behavioral experiences and mental processes in the generation of dream content. Results also revealed that young children consider both dreams and imagination to be highly controllable. In Study 2, preschool-age children, elementary school-age children, and adults received either imagination or dream stories and were questioned about controllability. In Study 3, emotional valence of the dream content was varied. Results of Studies 2 and 3 revealed significant development in beliefs that dreams are not subject to conscious control. Beliefs in controllability were higher among females. Study 3 showed that the emotional content of a dream affects these claims. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

二阶分布参数系统的稳定性和能控性

讨论Hilbert空间上两个二阶线性系统的稳定性和能控性,在较一般的假设下,得到了 这两个系统的指数稳定性和精确能控性,渐近稳定性和近似能控性之间的关系.最后,给出 线性系统渐近稳定的一个充分必要条件.     

Strong controllability and extendibility of discrete multidimensional behaviors

In this paper we propose definitions of strong controllability and extendibility for discrete multidimensional behaviors. After characterizing extendibility in algebraic terms, we show that strong controllability is equivalent to simultaneous controllability and extendibility, thus obtaining an algebraic characterization for that property.     

A Discrete Event Systems Approach for Protocol Conversion

A protocol mismatch occurs when heterogeneous networks try to communicate with each other. Such mismatches are inevitable due to the proliferation of a multitude of networking architectures, hardware, and software on one hand, and the need for global connectivity on the other hand. In order to circumvent this problem the solution of protocol conversion has been proposed. In this paper we present a systematic approach to protocol conversion using the theory of supervisory control of discrete event systems, which was partially first addressed by Inan. We study the problem of designing a converter for a given mismatched pair of protocols, using their specifications, and the specifications for the channel and the user services. We introduce the notion of converter languages and use it to obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of protocol converter and present an effective algorithm for computing it whenever it exists.     

Control of the wave equation at a rational point

The wave equation is controlled by a force at one point, which is a rational point of the interval [−1, 1]: geometric interpretations are given of the controllable subclasses.     

Probabilistic fault grading based on activation checking and observability analysis

A simplified probabilistic fault grading method is described. The concept of propagation probability is introduced in place of the sensitization probability of STAFAN, and the empirical parameters of STAFAN are eliminated. The division of input vectors into subsets is monitored by the activation or toggle rate. The accuracy of the method is examined for fault coverage estimation and for predicting the undetected faults.     

Conditions for decentralized integral controllability

The term decentralized integral controllability (DIC) pertains to the existence of stable decentralized controllers with integral action that have closed-loop properties such as stable independent detuning. It is especially useful to select control structures systematically at the early stage of control system design because the only information needed for DIC is the steady-state process gain matrix. Here, a necessary and sufficient condition conjectured in the literature is proved. The real structured singular value which can exploit realness of the controller gain is used to describe computable conditions for DIC. The primary usage of DIC is to eliminate unworkable pairings. For this, two other simple necessary conditions are proposed. Examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed conditions for DIC.     

电动汽车换电站时序响应能力模型与充电计划制订策略

由于蓄电池具有良好的储能特性以及可控性,电动汽车换电站运营商在满足换电需求的前提下,可以响应电网企业的激励措施,达到系统运行的要求。首先,根据换电站内电池组的状态参量,建立电池组的状态矩阵;其次,将电池组进行状态分群,对其中处于可控状态的电池组实施控制;最后,运用递推的思想研究该换电站内备用电池组的可控负荷裕度带,进而指导换电站运营商根据电网企业的运行目标制订相应的充电计划,达到负荷平衡、改善区域负荷特性等目的。     

经验Gramian平衡降阶在电力系统中的改进及应用

经验Gramian平衡降阶方法正逐步应用于电力系统的非线性控制设计。如何获得有效经验可观可控Gramian矩阵,是该方法应用的核心,对降阶效果有着很大影响。为进一步提升该方法的降阶效果,建立了电力系统非线性动态模型,分析了所研究问题与控制量选取及降阶对象之间的关系。考虑了电力系统状态量及控制量变化特点,提出了一种方案用于确定各状态量和控制量的扰动值,形成了包含丰富系统动态行为信息的经验可观可控Gramian矩阵。通过研究某实际电网验证该方案可行有效,研究表明相比原方法,所提方案在保证降阶误差上界的前提下,能够进一步有效减少模型阶数,其降阶效果得到明显提升。