形变奥氏体→先共析铁素体相变动力学的研究

试验研究了含Nb0.037%微合金钢形变奥氏体→先共析铁素体等温转变分数f_v随等温时间t的变化规律。结果表明1n1n(1-f_v)~(-1)-Int关系并不严格遵循Avrami方程,而是呈两段直线状。对此给出了与Cahn不同的理论解释。     

应力对钢中贝氏体相变的影响

外加应力使贝氏体相变形核率增大，等温孕育期缩短，即使所加应力远低于母相的屈服强度．由于钢中γ→α γ′的形核驱动力较大(约为kJ／mol数量级)，贝氏体相变的嘭胀应变能很小，过小的外加应力对形核率的影响甚微．考虑在外加应力的影响下，会使界面能量有所下降，也可能发生碳原子的再分布，偏聚在晶界或其它缺陷，甚至碳化物析出都会显著地增大形核率和缩短孕育期，有待进一步实验给予证明．无应力下，贝氏体相变动力学可以用Avrami的等温相变方程来表述；应力下则符合应力下铁索体及珠光体相变的动力学模型(经修改的Avrami方程)．形变奥氏体促发贝氏体相变，但随后会发生奥氏体的力学稳定化，其机制可能和马氏体相变时的奥氏体力学稳定化不完全相同，仅形变形成的位错阻碍贝氏体以一定位向长大，使相变动力学迟缓．贝氏体相变时奥氏体力学稳定化的模型有待建立。     

Effect of deformed microstructure on mechanical properties of Ti-22Al-25Nb alloy

Effect of the deformed microstructure on mechanical properties of an orthorhombic （Ti2klNb） based alloy of Ti-22Al-25Nb （mole fraction, %） has been investigated. It was found that the deformed microstructures in different portions of a flee forged rod with diameter of 30 mm were quite different and thus resulted in the different mechanical properties after the same subsequent heat-treatment. One deformed microstructure with less primary α2/O particles and a larger and equiaxed B2 grains resulted in poor RT ductility, but the other one with a relatively larger amount of the primary α/O particles and non-equiaxed B2 grains had good combination of the tensile strength and ductility both at RT and 650 ℃. It was also found that two different deformed microstructures were obtained for the hot rolling plates with thickness of 3 mm even processed under an identical nominal rolling and the same post-deforming heat treatment conditions. One only has 3.5% of RT tensile elongation and the other up to 8%.     

C、Mn、Si含量对变形奥氏体峰值应变的影响

利用BP网络模型研究了C、Mn、Si元素含量、变肜温度和应变速率对变形奥氏体峰值应变的影响。     

Splat morphology and microstructure of plasma sprayed cast iron with different preheat substrate temperatures

A cast iron coating is a prime candidate for the surface modification of aluminum alloys for antiwear applications because cast iron is inexpensive and exhibits superior wear resistance arising from the self-lubricating properties of graphite. In the present study, fundamental aspects of a plasma sprayed cast iron coating on an aluminum alloy substrate, including (1) the effects of preheat substrate temperature on the splat morphology, (2) the formation of a reaction layer and pores, and (3) the splat microstructure, were investigated in low-pressure plasma spraying. With an increasing substrate temperature, the splat morphology changes from a splash type to a disk and star shape. Deformed substrate ridges mainly resulting from the slight surface melting, are recognized adjacent to the splat periphery at high substrate temperatures. The flattening ratio of disk splats decreases with substrate temperature because the ridges act as an obstacle for splat expansion. A reaction layer composed of iron, aluminum, and oxygen is ready to form at high substrate temperatures, which, along with the deformed ridges, improves the adhesive strength of splats. However, the pores appear at the splat interface at low substrate temperatures, which hinder the formation of a reaction layer. The amount of graphitized carbon increases in cast iron splats with an increase in substrate temperature.     

基于模糊形状上下文与局部向量相似性约束的配准算法

非刚性点集配准研究是模式识别领域的一项重要基础研究.本文在当前流行的非刚性点集配准算法的基础上提出了两个主要贡献:1)模糊形状上下文(Fuzzy shape context, FSC)特征;2)基于局部向量特征的局部空间向量相似性约束项.本文首先进行基于特征互补的对应关系评估,在这一步骤中定义了模糊形状上下文特征,然后基于模糊形状上下文特征差异和全局特征差异设计了特征互补的高斯混合模型.其次,进行基于约束互补的空间变化更新.在这一步骤中,定义了局部向量特征,建立了局部空间向量相似性约束项.本文算法通过使用特征互补的高斯混合模型进行对应关系评估,并将配准问题转化为可以用期望最大化(Expectation maximization, EM)算法解决的参数优化问题,通过创建包含局部空间向量相似性约束项的能量方程优化了空间变换更新.本文首先测试了模糊形状上下文特征的检索率,然后采用公开数据集测试了算法在点集配准与图像配准的性能.在与当前流行的十种算法的对比实验中,本文算法均给出了精确的配准结果,并在大部分实验中精度超过了当前流行算法.     

基于混合特征的非刚性点阵配准算法

提出一种基于混合特征的非刚性点阵配准算法.该算法包含了对应关系评估与空间变换更新两个相互交替的步骤.首先定义了两个特征描述法用于描述两个点阵之间的全局和局部几何结构特征差异,随后合并这两个特征描述法建立一个基于混合特征的能量优化方程.该能量优化方程可以利用线性分配技术进行求解,同时可以灵活地选择使用最小化全局结构特征差异或最小化局部结构特征差异来评估两个点阵之间的对应关系.为了增强前述两个步骤之间的协调性,我们利用能量权重调节在整个配准过程中控制能量优化从最小化局部结构特征差异逐步转变为最小化全局结构特征差异,同时控制用于空间变换的薄板样条函数（Thin plate spline）的更新从刚性变换逐步转变为非刚性变换.我们在二维轮廓配准、三维轮廓配准、序列图像配准和图像特征点配准下对本文算法进行了各项性能测试,同时也与当前8种流行算法进行了性能比较.本文算法展现了卓越的非刚性配准性能,并在大部分实验中超越了当前的相关算法.     

大变形隧洞不同支护方案支护效果的对比分析

为了探索在煤炭行业大变形巷道中使用的一种让压支护方案在大洞径永久运行隧洞中的支护效果和应用价值,以锦屏二级水电站输水隧洞为典型算例,采用数值模拟的方法对强支护、分层支护、让压支护进行对比分析。分析结果显示让压支护可有效释放围岩变形并控制塑性区发展规模,使围岩的应力、支护体受力状态得到有效改善,支护体安全系数有效提高。该支护结构同时具有强支护控制塑性区规模、分层支护释放围岩变形和压力的优点,是目前较为理想的大变形隧洞支护方案。     

A robust global and local mixture distance based non-rigid point set registration

We present a robust global and local mixture distance (GLMD) based non-rigid point set registration method which consists of an alternating two-step process: correspondence estimation and transformation updating. We first define two distance features for measuring global and local structural differences between two point sets, respectively. The two distances are then combined to form a GLMD based cost matrix which provides a flexible way to estimate correspondences by minimizing global or local structural differences using a linear assignment solution. To improve the correspondence estimation and enhance the interaction between the two steps, an annealing scheme is designed to gradually change the cost minimization from local to global and the thin plate spline transformation from rigid to non-rigid during registration. We test the performance of our method in contour registration, sequence images and real images, and compare with six state-of-the-art methods where our method shows the best alignments in most scenarios.     

Effect of MoO3 Tabular Crystals on TiAl Matrix Composites under Different Test Loads

The friction and wear behavior of TiAl matrix self-lubricating composites (TMSCs) with MoO₃ tabular crystals (MTCs) sliding against a GCr15 steel ball is tested using a constant speed of 0.2 m/s at room temperature under different loads from 6.65 to 16.65 N. The result reveals that TMSCs show a consistently lower friction coefficient in a certain range from 0.2 to 0.6 and less wear rate from 0.29 × 10^?4 mm³ N^?1 m^?1 to 0.49 × 10^?4 mm³ N^?1 m^?1 compared to TiAl-based alloy. Moreover, the friction coefficient and wear rate of TMSCs decrease with an increase in test load. MTCs in the deformed layer will be refined to produce interfacial shear slip and reduce the shear stress because of the weak binding force of MTCs in the sliding process, which can facilitate the formation of a deformed layer and protect the deformed layer from spalling failure. In addition, MTCs on the worn surface of TMSCs can reduce the shear stress directly. Hence, MTCs can promote antiwear of the deformed layer and reduce the friction on the worn surface of TMSCs. MTCs can play a better role in antiwear and antifriction when the test load is higher.