Nitrite-embedded packaging film effects on fresh and frozen beef color development and stability as influenced by meat age and muscle type

Muscles (Longissimus lumborum, LL; Psoas major, PM, semitendinosus, ST) were aged (2, 9 d postmortem), cut into steaks, anaerobically packaged (nitrite-embedded film, NEF), and displayed (fresh, 19 d; frozen, 39 d). Fresh NEF increased (P < 0.05) in redness (first 48 h). Upon opening fresh NEF (d 6) and overwrapping in PVC film, redness declined (P < 0.05). NEF cooked LL had more red surface compared to non-NEF. Meat age influenced NEF color. Intact NEF maintained acceptable red color throughout display. Residual nitrite and nitrate associated with fresh NEF and nitrate in NEF cooked LL were found (P < 0.05) in the outer layer. Consideration should be given to providing sufficient time for nitric oxide myoglobin development when using NEF which may be influenced by meat age and muscle differences. NEF packaging has potential to extend fresh beef color display life. NEF appears to offer the opportunity to display bright red beef in frozen display by limiting typical effects of photooxidation.     

我国绿色纺织品发展策略探讨

探讨我国绿色纺织品的发展策略.介绍了绿色纺织品的基本含义,分析了绿色纺织品的特性与层次划分,针对我国绿色纺织品的发展,提出了相关策略,包括逐步提升绿色纺织品的层次、发挥科学技术的支撑力量、强化纺织品品牌建设、推进绿色纺织品法规建设和认证以及加强绿色纺织品知识的普及等.     

In vitro bioaccessibility,bioavailability and plasma protein interaction of polyphenols from Annurca apple (M. pumila Miller cv Annurca)

The in vitro bioaccessibility, bioavailability and plasma protein interaction of polyphenols from Annurca apple and other conventional cultivars were evaluated. Salivary digestion concentrated into the medium 27–35% of native apple polyphenols, suggesting the potential bioavailability through the oral mucosal epithelium of significant amounts of bioactive compounds that could be gastric sensitive and/or poorly absorbed in the intestine. Annurca flesh revealed the highest content and provided the best intestinal bioaccessibility and bioavailability of oligomeric procyanidins among all of the apple peel and flesh tested. Since 49.4% of native procyanidins were not absorbed, they are expected to accumulate in the intestinal lumen where a potential inhibition capacity of cellular cholesterol uptake could be assumed. The permeated procyanidins (6.7% of their native pattern, 12.0% of intestinal procyanidins) significantly bound (58.7%) to plasma HDLs, suggesting a major role in cholesterol metabolism. Our results would indicate Annurca apple and its potential nutraceuticals as effective in the regulation of plasma cholesterol levels.     

Opinion on the use of plasma processes for treatment of foods*

The working group “Food technology and safety” of the DFG Senate Commission on Food Safety (SKLM) advises on new technologies concerning food processing. Treatment with plasma is a newly developed process, which is currently used only on a pilot scale in Europe. The novel plasma treatment technology is experimentally applied to consumer goods. There are also potential applications in the food sector, e.g. to inactivate microorganisms on food surfaces. There is still insufficient information on concomitant physical and chemical processes and changes induced in the food. On May 25th 2012, the SKLM issued a first statement on plasma treatment of foods in German. The English version was agreed on December 14th 2012.     

等离子体技术在鞘氨醇单胞菌脱硫废乳胶中的应用

采用等离子体技术对废乳胶进行预处理,利用鞘氨醇单胞菌对其进行脱硫,考察等离子体预处理前后废乳胶亲水性的变化,研究等离子体预处理对废乳胶脱硫效果的影响。结果表明:经等离子体预处理后,废乳胶表面亲水性明显改善;与直接脱硫的废乳胶相比,等离子体预处理后再脱硫的废乳胶表面的砜类基团明显增多,硫质量分数减小,氧质量分数显著增大,硫-氧键含量明显增大,且交联密度明显降低;等离子体预处理能够有效促进废乳胶的微生物脱硫,明显改善脱硫效果。     

氧化镧的加入对PREP制备钨粉末性能的影响

采用等离子旋转电极雾化技术（plasma rotating electrode processing,PREP）制备出纯W和W-La合金球形粉末,对比分析了两种类型粉末的化学成分、形貌、物理性能、缺陷和粒度分布。结果表明：PREP法制备的球形纯W粉末表面光滑、球形度高,小于106 μm粉末的收得率为70%。在棒料中加入La2O3后,大部分La2O3在PREP过程中挥发,残余的La2O3优先附着于液滴表面,降低了的液态金属钨的表面张力,将小于106μm粉末的收得率提升至90%;但是,表面张力的降低同时也导致W-La合金粉末表面出现少量缺陷。La2O3提高粉末收率的现象为研究提高PREP技术粉末收率提供了新思路。     

高洁净MCrAlY合金粉末的制备及涂层性能

采用VIGA 16真空氩气雾化设备制取MCrAlY粉末,制取的粉末经处理后,用LPPS-TF工艺喷涂制备高性能涂层。结果表明,真空氩气制取的粉末氧、氮、氢含量较低,且以球形为主,具有良好的流动性,杂质碳、氮、氢含量低等特征。原料全部为新料时可制备出氧含量最低达125×10~(-6)的粉末,经过处理后,粉末中的陶瓷夹杂总数在3个/(100g)以下。用LPPS-TF工艺制取的涂层结构致密,氧含量低,涂层与基体结合达到81.3MPa。     

Plasma deposition of a silicone-like layer for the corrosion protection of magnesium

Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys are widely used for biodegradable implant materials due to their degradability and mechanical properties similar to bone. However, the high corrosion rate and release of hydrogen gas hinder its clinical application. In this study, plasma-polymerization was used to deposit the hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) polymeric films on Mg surface using low temperature radio frequency discharge plasma. The chemical and physical properties of the HMDSO films were characterized by contact angle measurements, field emission scanning electron microscope, and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). Contact angle results show that the contact angle and the plasma discharge powers are strongly correlated. ATR-FTIR results indicate that plasma-polymerized HMDSO films have a chemical structure close to polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The weight loss test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were performed immersion in 0.9% NaCl solution in order to investigate corrosion protective properties of the coating layer. It was found that HMDSO plasma-polymerized coating layer showed good anti-corrosion properties than that of untreated samples. These results that the polymeric films coated on Mg may be potentially applied for clinical use.     

SELECTIVE REMOVAL OF HIGH-K GATE DIELECTRICS

Continuous downscaling of integrated circuits brought an end to the era of SiO₂. In gate dielectrics, it is being replaced by materials with high dielectric constant, so-called high-k dielectrics. One of the challenges in the integration of the high-k material is removal of those materials selectively over the substrate. This work is one of the first attempts to review current state of the art of the high-k removal. Two main approaches are discussed: dry (plasma) removal and wet removal. First, the fundamentals and limitations of both approaches are presented, then an overview of the existing experimental data is given. It is concluded that the best results could be obtained by combining the dry and wet approaches.