Rapid determination of soluble solids content and acidity of Black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) juice by mid-infrared spectroscopy performed in series

Black currant juice quality is a prime importance for growers and industrials. Such quality relies on the empirical and destructive measurements of soluble solids content and acidity. These measurements are time consuming and expensive. The serial analysis of the Black currant juice quality could allow the valuation of the product for the producer and saving of time for the manufacturer. Our objective was to develop predictive models of soluble solids content and acidity based on the mid-infrared spectroscopy performed in series.We showed that infrared spectroscopy allowed determining efficiently the quality of Black currant juices and that such technique could be performed in series. Soluble solids content were determined with a R²-value of 0.97 and an RMSECV of 1.14°Brix for a range of values comprised between 12.9°Brix and 16.42°Brix. Acidity content was determined with a R²-value of 0.96 and an RMSECV of 2.61 g L⁻¹ in a large range of values comprised between 14.87 g L⁻¹ and 36.27 g L⁻¹.These results allow asserting that the soluble solids content and the acidity of Black currant juice can be accurately determined by infrared spectroscopy. Furthermore, a large number of measures can be performed in series, what opens perspectives for a practical application.     

带补偿措施的串联液压缸新同步回路

本文介绍了几种带补偿措施的串联液压缸的新同步回路的结构，原理和特点。     

8 MeV electron irradiation studies on electrical characteristics of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells

Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ (CIGS) solar cells are gaining considerable interest due to their high optical absorption coefficient and adjustable band gap, which enables them to achieve high conversion efficiency and also present many promising applications in space power systems. In this paper we report the results of the effect of temperature and 8 MeV electron irradiation on the electrical characteristics of ZnO/CdS/Cu(In,Ga)Se₂/Mo polycrystalline thin-film solar cells under forward and reverse bias studied in the temperature range 270-315 K. The solar cells were subjected to 8 MeV electron irradiation from the Microtron accelerator and were exposed to graded doses of electrons up to 75 kGy. I-V characteristics of the cells under dark and AM 1.5 illumination condition were studied before and after the irradiation. Capacitance measurements were also carried out at various frequencies before and after irradiation. In the measured temperature range, the dark current contribution is due to the generation-recombination of the minority carriers in the depletion region. The ideality factor is found to decrease with increase in temperature. It seems that electron irradiation has not altered the dark current conduction mechanism significantly. The effect of electron irradiation on the solar cell parameters such as fill factor (FF), conversion efficiency (η), saturation current (I_o), short circuit current (I_sc), open circuit voltage (V_oc), and ideality factor (n) was studied. They were found to be stable up to 75 kGy of electron dose as only small changes were observed in the solar cell parameters.     

《中国丛书广录》举正

《中国丛书广录》是一部大型古籍目录,为研究者提供了较准确、可靠的文献资源信息和检索途径,对于学术研究具有重要的参考价值。然因各种原因偶有著录失当之处,如作者姓名错讹、书名信息错误等。本文作者就其所见,一一加以考证。     

Bio-hydrogen production during acidogenic fermentation in a multistage stirred tank reactor

The objective of this study was to evaluate the production of hydrogen in a two-stage CSTR system – both reactors having the same volume – and compare its performance with a conventional one-stage process. The lab-scale two-stage and one-stage systems were operated at five pHs and five hydraulic retention time (HRTs). The maximum volumetric hydrogen productivity and yield obtained with the two-stage system were 5.8 mmol L⁻¹ h⁻¹ and 2.7 mol H₂ mol glucose⁻¹, respectively, at an HRT of 12 h and pH 5.5. Overall, the two-stage system showed, at steady state, a better performance that the one-stage system for all the evaluated pHs. However, a comparison between the one-stage system, operating at 6 h of HRT, and the first reactor of the two-stage system at the same HRT did not show any significant difference, highlighting the positive impact of having a two-stage process. The determination of the ratio between the experimental measured H₂ in the gas phase and the theoretical H₂ generated in the liquid phase (discrepancy factor) indicated that an important part of the hydrogen produced in the first reactor was transferred into the second reactor instead of being desorbed in the headspace. Therefore, the improving of hydrogen production in the two-stage system is rather attributed to the increased transfer of hydrogen from liquid to gas than an actual total hydrogen production increase.     

PC机与单片机通讯软件设计

本文论述了ＰＣ机与ＭＣＳ－５１单片机串行通信的实现方法，并介绍了Ｔｕｒｂｏ－Ｃ语言设计的中断方式通信程序。     

A glass frit-sealed dye solar cell module with integrated series connections

As the dye solar cell (DSC) technology progresses from laboratory-scale to large-area applications, long-term stability is one major obstacle. Especially for large-area DSC modules, stability is often a matter of hermetic sealing both between cells and for the whole module. Here we suggest glass frit as sealing material. Glass frit is thermally, mechanically and chemically very stable and can be applied via screen printing.DSC modules of 30×30 cm² with a glass frit as primary sealing material have been produced.It was shown that glass frit is applicable for the upscaling of the DSC technology to large areas. The thermal stability of the glass frit sealing and the integrated series connections was verified in a thermal cycling from −40 to 80 °C.The colouration process has been scaled up to 30×30 cm² by pumping the dye solution through the module using only two filling holes. By heating the module to 70 °C the filling of the module with electrolytes based on high viscous ionic liquids was demonstrated.     

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本文通过对川西南灵音寺～荷包场地区二叠系阳新统钻遇断层井有效裂缝分布规律、产流体性质及其地震响应特征的解剖,摸索出一套精选井位的方法,建立了按断层断开层位布井的模式。这一模式经12口井实钻检验,获气成功率达83.33％,使该区阳新统裂缝性气藏的勘探进入了一个新阶段。     

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民和盆地构造位置处于祁连山褶皱系东部，是一个中新生代发展起来的断、坳山间盆地。盆地中西部中侏罗统窑街组蕴藏着丰富的煤炭资源，煤层气局部富集于窑街、炭山岭煤田。煤岩有机地球化学及煤层甲烷碳同位素研究表明，该区煤层气具有油型与煤型混合气特征。煤层气分布具有明显的分带现象，由浅到深分别为ＣＯ２—Ｎ２带、Ｎ２带、Ｎ２—ＣＨ４带、ＣＨ４带。煤层气富集主要受煤的变质程度，顶、底板岩性，出露程度，埋藏深度及构造等因素的控制，且多分布于背斜、断块等构造的高部位。