我国农药剂型的现状与发展趋势

阐述了现代农药剂型及我国农药制剂的现状与发展趋势,指出悬浮剂、乳剂、水分散粒剂、微乳剂、微胶囊剂、泡腾片剂、种衣剂和混剂将会得到发展.农药剂型的"信息化"将是农药剂型发展的一个方向.     

NEURAL-NETWORK-AIDED DESIGN OF AUTOMOBILE EXHAUST CATALYSTS

A priori design of catalysts is not yet possible. Such task would demand unavailable scientific knowledge of the correlations among synthesis parameters and resulting solid state and surface structures, on the one hand, and among those atomic-level structural details and their catalytic functions, on the other hand. To avoid testing every possible combination, therefore, the applied chemist or chemical engineer must identify empirical correlations underlying the existing experimental data base.

The ability of artificial neural networks to identify complex correlations and to predict the result of experiments has recently generated considerable interest in various areas of science and engineering. In this paper, neural networks are used to identify composition-performance relationships in automobile exhaust catalysts.

This work employs an artificial neural network technique to do a sensitivity analysis of the conversions of pollutant gases as a function of the catalyst composition and the operating conditions. This approach converges on the optimum catalyst composition and operating condition in order to produce specified conversions of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides, to carbon dioxide, water and di-nitrogen respectively.     

包膜控释肥料研究与产业化开发

从控释和缓释肥料提高肥料利用率的基本原理出发，对国际肥料工业协会(IFA)提出的和国际上公认的肥料养分释放、缓释、控释、控释肥、缓释肥和稳定性肥料的概念和定义进行了讨论和认定。介绍了山东农业大学主持承担的国家“948”项目、农业部跨越计划项目和山东省优秀中青年科学家科研奖励基金项目——包膜控释肥研究与开发的进展情况，包括包膜控释肥的包膜材料与工艺流程的选择、研制的包膜控释肥生产设备、开发出的控释肥系列品种、控释肥的质量检测标准、控释肥在多种作物上的应用效果，并分析了控释肥的经济、社会、生态效益及推广应用前景。     

表面活性剂在纺织工业中的应用

综述了纺织工业中表面活性剂的应用,包括纤维制品加工过程中涉及到的各种表面活性剂的重要作用,并就润湿、乳化、清洗、匀染和抗静电剂等方面的应用论述了表面活性剂的主要品种、效果和应用中的注意事项,对新型gemini表面活性剂进行了专门的介绍。指出高效、低刺激性和易生物降解的表面活性剂将是纺织业表面活性剂未来发展的方向。     

Importance of nonindigenous harpacticoids (Crustacea: Copepoda) decrease with depth in Lake Ontario

Harpacticoid copepods can be a substantial component of the meiobenthic community in lakes and serve an ecological role as detritivores. Here we present the first species-level lake-wide quantitative assessment of the harpacticoid assemblage of Lake Ontario with emphasis on the status of nonindigenous species. Additionally, we provide COI-5P sequences of harpacticoid taxa through Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD). Harpacticoids were collected at depths from 0.1 to 184 m and from a range of substrates from August to September 2018 as part of the Cooperative Science and Monitoring Initiative (CSMI) offshore benthic survey. Twenty-six meiobenthic samples were analyzed using microscopy for community composition analysis of harpacticoids. We found thirteen indigenous and three nonindigenous species of harpacticoid, with the introduced species dominating at shallow depths. The community transitioned from nonindigenous to indigenous species dominance as depth increased. Nonindigenous species accounted for 79% of the community (by abundance) at depths <20 m, 55% from 20 to 40 m, and only 24% at depths >40 m. The nonindigenous species encountered included the first detections of Schizopera borutzkyi (Monchenko, 1967) and Heteropsyllus nunni (Coull, 1975) from Lake Ontario. S. borutzkyi was the most abundant harpacticoid species in the lake, approaching a maximum density of 50,000/m² and a lake-wide average density of 7,900/m². Numerically important indigenous species included Bryocamptus nivalis (Willey, 1925), Canthocamptus robertcokeri (Wilson, 1958), Canthocamptus staphylinoides (Pearse, 1905), and Moraria cristata (Chappuis, 1929). The prevalence of nonindigenous harpacticoids in the meiobenthos of Lake Ontario suggests further investigations of Great Lakes meiofauna communities are warranted.     

合成纤维产业现状和未来发展方向

叙述了国内外合成纤维工业的发展现状,指出世界范围内正在展开的新一轮竞争的主要特点,合成纤维的生产和消费中心已转移至中国,中国合成纤维市场消费持续增长,未来受到制约。分析了合成纤维技术进步的主要进展状况,生产趋向于大型化和柔性化,品种开发向高新技术纤维领域发展。提出了未来符合可持续发展方向的生产工艺和产品品种。     

氯乙烯-丙烯酸酯共聚树脂生产技术进展

介绍了氯乙烯-丙烯酸酯共聚树脂的主要品种、应用领域及生产方法,并提出了发展建议。     

Anaerobic fermentation of xylose by pichia stipitis: The effect of forced cycling of ph

Xylose fermentation by Pichia stipitis was examined using a two-stage batch process. The cells were first grown aerobically on D-xylose (5 g/L), whereafter additional xylose (10 g/L) was added and fermented during anaerobic conditions (T=30°C). The optimum pH value for a fermentation with constant pH was found to be 4.5 (maximum specific ethanol production rate 0.21 g/(g h). Forced square wave cycling of the pH between 4 and 5, and 3.5 and 5.5 (cycle time 30 min) during the fermentation stage resulted in a fermentation rate lower than the maximum rate, but with unchanged ethanol yields.     

尿素合成塔腐蚀在线监测

简要介绍了尿素合成塔腐蚀在线监测技术、监测仪及其安装、使用情况。     

生物液体燃料

对全球生物液体燃料的发展现状进行了概述。叙述了目前我国发展燃料乙醇的主要原料以及秸杆乙醇技术。对我国生物柴油产业的发展、生物柴油标准以及影响我国生物柴油发展的因素进行了探讨。并结合我国国情，对如何发展生物液体燃料提出了建议。