SLOWING DOWN NUTRIENT FLOWS — ECOLOGICAL DESIGN OF THE FENGXIANG PARK ON THE MEISHE RIVER IN HAIKOU

Haikou is a coastal tourist city in Hainan Province of South China with beautiful natural landscapes. During the rapid urbanization in the past decades, the role of natural rivers as city’s water ecological infrastructure has been long-time neglected, resulting in a sharp deterioration of urban ecological resilience and security. Fengxiang Park, sitting at the middle reaches of the Meishe River, is a key ecological node in the watershed, which however had suffered from severe ecological problems. In this demonstrative project, the site was envisioned as an urban park which mitigates urban flooding and water pollution and provides citizens a quality waterfront with pleasant, slow living environment through a substantial ecosystem improvement with means of Design Ecology. Techniques of green sponge construction and the reinforced constructed wetland system deployed in the park have effectively slowed down the flow of water and nutrients, restored habitats for fauna and flora, and increased biodiversity; the introduction of a diversity of slow traffic system has brought vitality to the city by encouraging green traffic modes among citizens and tourists, creating a new tourism, recreational, and cultural destination for the city. More importantly, in view of increasingly severe issues such as water pollution and shortage around the globe, this project shows an obvious reference significance to other practices in urban water quality improvement, flooding control, and the creation of public spaces to provide social and cultural services.     

一种新型回转式电力推进空气动力艇的设计分析

针对湿地旅游、保护和开发的需求,提出了一种采用超级电容和锂电池组复合储能、具有太阳能光伏发电装置辅助供能、以回转式电力推进装置替代传统燃油发动机进行推进的新型空气动力艇的设计方案.分析了其基本结构与原理、关键技术及优势.研究发现:该艇不仅可实现绿色供能,以降低污染排放,而且操纵灵活、机动性强,能更好适应障碍物多、水面情况复杂的湿地环境,具有较高的应用价值和广阔的发展前景.     

植被指数在长江口潮滩湿地植被信息提取中的应用研究

以长江口崇明东滩湿地为研究区,分析了崇明东滩湿地实测反射光谱数据和Landsat TM地物反射波谱曲线,发现在近红外波段,植被的反射率差异最突出;在绿光波段,受水分影响较大的植被特征信息比较突出。在上述分析的基础上,选取9种典型的植被指数进行计算,提出了适合研究区植被信息提取的三波段比值植被指数TRVI。并且利用该指数,使用人工决策树分类方法,进行典型地物信息的提取,取得了满意的效果。     

白洋淀湿地生态服务功能及价值估算

湿地是具有多功能的独特的生态系统,对其生态服务功能进行评价.为管理和保护湿地提供科学的依据。以白洋淀湿地为研究对象,采用市场价值法、权变估价法、生产成本法、影子工程法,模糊数学法、旅行费用法、生态价值法等.对该湿地生态系统服务功能进行了价值估算。经计算,该湿地生态系统服务功能的总利用价值为1 75 910.1×104元/a,其中,维持白洋淀湿地生态系统的完整性和自然过程的服务功能最人为68 200×104元/a,柄息地价值最低为92×104元/a。扎最后,对该湿地生态系统服务功能的价值构成进行了分析和讨论。     

Contribution of rainfall vs. water management to Mediterranean wetland hydrology: Development of an interactive simulation tool to foster adaptation to climate variability

Mediterranean wetlands are increasingly managed to maintain their functions and services following modification in water allocation, embankment and climate change, calling for proactive and adaptive water management. In a first step, we used long-term monitoring of water levels in 37 adjacent embanked marshes in the Camargue as a repeated non-controlled experiment to build a hydrological model. Without information on water input/output by marsh users, we could nevertheless estimate evapotranspiration under flooding and dry conditions, and soil water coefficient. The model provided a high predictive accuracy (adjusted R² = 0.73–0.83) of monthly water levels when applied to an independent sample of 12 marshes. In a second step we developed an interactive decision-aid tool that allows users to visualize the impact of their management strategy (desired water level at a specific month) on subsequent water levels, and their consequence on different components of the ecosystem over a 10-yr period.     

湿地景观的文化特性体现——万达西双版纳国际度假区湿地景观浅谈

生态湿地项目在国内外得到了广泛的重视和实际尝试,然而真正从湿地文化特性或者说与湿地文化特性相结合而出发的项目却乏善可陈。万达西双版纳国际度假区湿地项目,是万达第一个文旅大型湿地类项目,在同类文旅商业项目中超前地提出了文化性,在商业与文化、生态、人文等结合方面作出了突出的表率与成绩。     

Influence of surrounding land cover on marsh-breeding birds: Implications for wetland restoration and conservation planning

Marsh-breeding birds are valuable components of healthy ecosystems and are useful indicators of successful wetland restorations. The occurrence of these species, however, is influenced by the surrounding landscape. To aid decision-makers, we used data from the Great Lakes Marsh Monitoring Program of Birds Canada at 521 sites across four time periods (2000–2001, 2005–2006, 2010–2011, 2015–2016) throughout southern Ontario, Canada, to quantify how initial occupancy and subsequent local extinction or colonization of 13 marsh-breeding bird indicator species (or species groups) was influenced by the composition of, and concurrent changes in, surrounding remotely-sensed land cover within 200–6,400 m. For six species (46 %) initial occupancy was higher or extinction was lower where surrounding wetland/open water land cover was higher. By contrast, initial occupancy was lower, extinction was higher, and/or colonization was lower: 1) where surrounding anthropogenic (predominantly urban) land cover was higher (four species, 31 %), 2) in Great Lakes coastal compared to inland landscapes (five species, 38 %), and 3) where loss of surrounding wetland/open water land cover increased, depending on whether surrounding wetland/open water land cover was initially low or high (seven species, 54 %). We recommend that decision-makers consider the influence of the surrounding landscape during conservation planning and when measuring success of wetland restorations based on marsh-breeding bird indicator species, particularly in Great Lakes coastal landscapes and landscapes with high urban land cover and/or low wetland/open water land cover.     

Redox dynamics during recovery of an oil-impacted estuarine wetland

Redox potentials and sediment porewater parameters were measured around the periphery of a small cove along the San Jacinto River in Texas throughout a crude oil and chemical dispersant remediation study to distinguish normal dynamics from those caused as a response to stress from oil deposition and chemical treatment and subsequent recovery. Before the application of oil and treatments, sediments displayed average redox potentials of 0-350 mV when not submerged. Within 2 days of the applications, redox potentials in these plots decreased and exhibited a range from -200 to 0 mV for a duration of 5 weeks. Applied treatments significantly reduced the sediments of the wetland. Reduced redox potentials were indicative of the corresponding sulfate reduction that was also found to be significant following the oil application. GC/MS and MPN analysis indicates this reduction is due to biological oxidation of the crude oil components by alkane- and PAH-degraders in these surficial sediments and validates the usefulness of the redox measurement as an indicator for carbon oxidation. Increases in aqueous phase total organic and inorganic carbon coincided with a decrease in pH shortly after the applications, suggesting incomplete mineralization and the generation of organic acids. While dissolved ferrous iron and sulfide have been found to be good indicators of reductive processes in petroleum-contaminated aquifer sediments; that was not the case in this wetland study. Despite the disappearance of sulfate following the oil application, dissolved ferrous iron and sulfide concentrations remained at pre-application levels suggesting the formation of mackinawite and/or pyrite. The transient exposure of surface sediments to oxygen complicates the consideration of potential solid phase pathways since aqueous iron may be removed by precipitation when oxidized or reduced, making porewater iron a poor indicator for terminal electron accepting processes in wetland sediments.     

杭州西湖湖西景区的湿地景观设计

经过综合治理,在杭州西湖湖西景区营建了一个较为成功的湿地景观系统,成为锦鳞可数、水草丰盈的湿地.新拓展的水域大致分为相互贯通,各具特色的四部分,现从水系组织、驳岸处理、植物栽种、野生动物引导以及净水系统等方面介绍湖西景区的湿地景观设计特色.     

湿地方舟

“湿地方舟—植物园与生态研究中心”一案定位于从建筑的角度来展示湿地生态环境及其保护工作。建筑的水上部分通过模块化功能单元的组织,实现了科教与科研相结合的动态展览模式;陆上建筑在借鉴当地手工艺编制技术的基础上提出“编织结构”的构想,并利用湿地植物资源作为建筑材料,探索了建筑的地域特色。