基于交通因素的日常生活圈环境健康出行 适老化研究——以南京市中心城区为例

15min生活圈能够提升老年人群健康安全的生活质量。老年人群与城市绿地的连接既依赖道路体系，又面临空气污染隐患。基于大数据与ArcGIS平台，从绿地可达性视角展开对南京市中心城区“绿-居-人”体系的空间分布研究。从健康出行视角综合判断绿地规划、可达便利与老年人群的呼吸健康。研究发现如下。1)老城区中50岁及以上的人口占比(4.23%)高于新城区(2.86%),1997年及之前的老旧小区面积占比高达64%。2)老城区有67%的居住区在绿地15min步行范围内，是新城区的2倍多。以老城区为中心向外辐射，绿地对老年人群的服务效能逐级降低。3)老城区绿地受到的道路空气污染压力约为新城区的2倍。可达性高的绿地，所受道路污染源影响也更大。主干道对绿地空气污染压力的源头供给占40%，对绿地可达性的支持达33%。提倡为老年人群出行构建健康绿色路网，满足绿地15min可达和低空气污染。研究成果对城市更新中统筹绿地、路网、居住区布局，优化生活圈适老化环境具有一定借鉴价值。     

Impact of utility-based accessibility measures on urban public transportation planning: A case study of Denizli,Turkey

As it is considerably difficult to identify specific changes by using a single numeric parameter, improvements gained by a new urban public transport (UPT) facility or by an operation policy is still a challenge in the decision-making process with respect to transportation planning. Although some indicators such as service quality, capacity usage ratio, service kilometers, passenger kilometers or seat kilometers are used by planners and policy makers, these indicators may not always reflect the total gain of trip makers: to access a facility providing a specific utility. Thus, this study aims to evaluate accessibility measures as performance indicators in the UPT planning process. Three scenarios that consist of timetable regulation, central business district restriction and integration with bus rapid transit are investigated using accessibility perspective in addition to the conventional indicators obtained by using VISUM™ travel demand modeling software. The results show that the first scenario leads to a more effective UPT system in terms of accessibility. Hence, a more distinctive measure is obtained for the decision stage of UPT planning.     

信息无障碍领域技术与产业发展现状

分析了目前国内外信息无障碍领域内技术与产业的发展,将该领域内广泛应用的技术进行了归类划分,并逐一进行了介绍。在介绍国内产业现状时结合了多个不同的视角和应用层面。     

Journeys to play: planning considerations to engender inclusive playspaces

Making playspaces inclusive has predominately focused on internal design, addressing factors that constrain play experiences within these spaces for children with diverse impairments and their families. Less attention, however, has been paid to the journey to the site and how that may influence the decision to visit these environments. This paper contributes to this area by discussing the experiences of 10 children with diverse mobility impairments, aged 9–12-years-old, and their families from south-east Queensland, Australia. This person–environment study of their journeys to playgrounds illuminates the role getting to the site and entering the site plays in shaping decisions to actually visit playspaces. The findings also identify key considerations applicable to open space planning and site planning, towards achieving inclusive landscapes for play.     

信息无障碍焦点问题及解决方案

从目前信息无障碍工作要解决的主要问题出发,分析了视觉障碍者、低收入人群、语言文化差异者在获取信息方面存在的困难,介绍国内外相关技术发展的情况,探讨解决问题的办法。     

将信息无障碍整合到业务流程中

阐述了对信息无障碍的认识,并从企业的角度介绍了如何将信息无障碍整合到业务流程中。通过案例和产品、技术的介绍,说明如何不断创新推动产品和服务的信息无障碍,为企业自身及其客户带来价值。     

Why people are reluctant to tempt fate.

The present research explored the belief that it is bad luck to "tempt fate." Studies 1 and 2 demonstrated that people do indeed have the intuition that actions that tempt fate increase the likelihood of negative outcomes. Studies 3-6 examined our claim that the intuition is due, in large part, to the combination of the automatic tendencies to attend to negative prospects and to use accessibility as a cue when judging likelihood. Study 3 demonstrated that negative outcomes are more accessible following actions that tempt fate than following actions that do not tempt fate. Studies 4 and 5 demonstrated that the heightened accessibility of negative outcomes mediates the elevated perceptions of likelihood. Finally, Study 6 examined the automatic nature of the underlying processes. The types of actions that are thought to tempt fate as well as the role of society and culture in shaping this magical belief are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

基于多元数据的城市区域可达性评估模型

城市区域可达性评估一直以来是智能交通领域备受关注的热点问题。传统的区域可达性评估模型一般只支持GIS、GPS等单一数据作为可达性的评估依据，无法避免因外界因素的影响对区域可达性造成的评估不准确问题。针对此问题，以出租车GPS行车数据、时段、天气等多维数据作为区域可达性的评估依据，构建了一种支持多元数据的城市区域可达性评估模型，在此基础上设计了基于多维OD矩阵的多元数据区域可达率计算方法，并将可达率作为区域可达性量化标准以达到提高可达性评估准确性的目的。此外，针对因传统GPS数据清洗方法过于粗糙而导致的有效信息遗漏、数据矫正不准确问题，利用基于统计学理论的序列数据清洗方法，运用出租车GPS数据的速度与加速度信息纠正潜在的误差数据以提高GPS数据的清洗效果。实验证明，利用提出的多元数据城市区域可达性评估模型可达性评价的准确率提高9.1%-37.8，其中计算的区域可达率的准确性较传统方法提高12.6%-35.5%，平均旅行时间的准确率提高18.5%-31.6%。     

Centre bunching without dynamical coherence

We answer a question of Burns and Wilkinson, showing that there are open families of volume-preserving partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms which are accessible and centre bunched and neither dynamically coherent nor Anosov. We also show in the volume-preserving setting that any diffeomorphism which is partially hyperbolic and Anosov may be isotoped to a diffeomorphism which is partially hyperbolic and not Anosov.     

Perceived risks and customer needs of geographical accessibility in electronic commerce

Customer needs of geographical accessibility still plays an important role in electronic commerce, though the extent to which it does so varies according to the characteristics of products, services and the market strategies of firms. In this study, factors affecting customer needs of geographical accessibility and their structural relationships were investigated through a customer survey and statistical analysis using the methods of confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. The result shows that the three independent factors, unease of delivery, complexity of services, and trust and reliability affect significantly customer needs of geographical accessibility, with perceived risks of distant orders being a mediating factor in the relationship.