桂林旅游珠宝市场中信息不对称现象的透视及管理对策

针对目前桂林市珠宝工艺品市场中存在诸多问题，试用经济学中的信息不对称理论，并结合博奕原理，分析了目前桂林市珠宝工艺品市场中存在的种种不良现象，提出减少信息不对称程度，必然有助于维护旅游者的权益，这为有效管理桂林旅游工艺品市场提供了思路。     

Band-to-Band Tunneling by Monte Carlo Simulation for Prediction of MOSFET Gate-Induced Drain Leakage Current

Gate induced drain leakage (GIDL) current caused by band-to-band tunneling is studied by Monte Carlo simulation with ballistic least-action trajectory integration. Together with weak inversion and early subthreshold simulation by drift-diffusion formalism, the entire range of the OFF-state drain current can be predicted for technology evaluation. The methodology is demonstrated by a case study for source/drain asymmetry super-halo design.     

Anomalous temperature dependence and tension–compression asymmetry of Fe3Al intermetallics—an internal variable approach

Tension/compression asymmetry in the high-temperature flow and anomalous yield/flow stress of Fe–28 at% Al–5 at% Cr alloy has been investigated. Flow curves were obtained from a series of tensile and compressive load relaxation tests. Constitutive relations at each deformation conditions were formulated using the internal variable theory based on dislocation dynamics. In this study, high-temperature flow stress of selected material was to be safely described as the sum of internal stress and frictional stress. The anomaly and peak temperature of yield strength seem to be controlled by the anomaly of internal stress and the relative portion of internal and frictional stress in total flow stress, respectively. Asymmetric flow stress was observed in analogy with yield strength. In terms of constitutive parameters, critical stress for frictional flow (Σ₀) exhibited considerably higher value in compression, which physically postulates increased critical resolved shear stress (CRSS). Considering the crystallography and microstructure, it is presumably due to the ‘extrinsic’ effect of non-deviatoric stress tensor, as proposed in other studies.     

基于信息不对称的工程项目风险评价研究

信息不对称情况下的工程项目风险评价是在风险识别阶段完成后,借助项目管理人员的知识经验和科学的评价方法,在风险识别的基础上进一步对风险进行分析的过程。通过建立评价指标体系,选择系统评价模型,计算各风险发生的概率及可能造成的损失,进而找出影响项目目标实现的关键性因素,以此来确定项目的整体风险水平。     

Response of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) to stress induced by different types of pollutants – testing the fluctuating asymmetry

Damage caused to pine forests by industrial pollution is observed even several decades after emissions have stopped down. A simple morphological feature – the leaf fluctuating asymmetry – was used for assessing the condition of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) stands growing in a heavily degraded area. In 2011, a study was performed on the developmental instability of needles in four naturally reforested Polish populations of P. sylvestris. Studies were conducted within the protective zone at a zinc smelter, a copper smelter, a cement plant and train tracks. All selected areas manifested a high extent of anthropogenic pollution‐induced environmental degradation until the end of the 90s. Currently, a reduced level of environmental pollution is recorded at these sites. Control group was a natural population of Scots pine from the region of National Park of Wielkopolska. The results confirm the usefulness of fluctuating asymmetry as a highly sensitive indicator of non‐specific stress. Also, it was shown that in areas degraded by human activity, poor condition of Scots pine persists that the stress factor has been eliminated. This tendency occurs particularly to areas contaminated by heavy metals.     

三维交流电渗流泵的流量增强效果

在交流电渗流(ACEO)泵的研究中,一般忽略电极厚度的影响;而三维交流电渗流泵通过将电极厚度设计成台阶形式后,可以大大提高电渗流泵的流量。数值研究了电极台阶高度对三维交流电渗流泵流量的影响。研究发现:在驱动电压幅值不变的条件下,随着台阶高度的增加,三维交流电渗流泵流量也会增大;而当台阶高度增加到一定程度后,流量又会随着台阶高度的增加而减小。因此,在三维交流电渗流泵的设计制造中,需要优化电极的台阶高度,选择合适的台阶高度可以极大地提高电渗流泵的流量。通过和传统交流电渗流泵的比较,还研究了三维交流电渗流泵对流量的增强效果。结果表明:在相同模型尺寸参数下,优化台阶高度后的三维交流电渗流泵能极大提高流量。     

任意滑动面搜索新方法应用于三维复杂土坡稳定性分析

在提出任意三维滑动面搜索方法的基础上,针对滑动体非对称情况（包括准线不对称和长度不对称）、母线不在滑动体内沿滑动方向断面尺寸最大的面上、土坡含软弱夹层的情况,采取了一些解决措施,并将其应用于工程上常见的填挖方复合土坡、水平分层填方路堤、公路纵断面为平斜坡的土坡和含软弱夹层的土坡这4种算例中。分析表明：①此方法可以对一些较复杂条件下的土坡进行稳定性分析,并能够寻找到较优的最危险滑动面（包括整体和局部稳定性）;②当填挖边坡上填方段和挖方段的材料不一致时,更容易在抗滑稳定性差的材料处发生失稳,但当填方段和挖方段的材料重度γ相同时,两种材料的φ/c是否相等在一定程度上对滑动体的对称性和大小有影响;③对于公路纵断面为平斜坡的土坡,其潜在最危险滑动面更倾向于平坡段,斜坡对边坡的稳定系数有一定的积极影响;④在含软弱夹层的土坡中,当滑动体的长度无限长时,其三维稳定性趋于二维稳定性,与以往研究成果相比较时,得出本文方法计算出的结果与之非常接近,说明本文方法可行。     

ABC transporters Cdr1p, Cdr2p and Cdr3p of a human pathogen Candida albicans are general phospholipid translocators

We have used fluorescent 7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl (NBD)-tagged phospholipid analogues, NBD-PE (phosphatidylethanolamine), NBD-PC (phosphatidylcholine) and NBD-PS (phosphatidylserine), to demonstrate that Cdr1p and its other homologues, Cdr2p and Cdr3p, belonging to the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily behave as general phospholipid translocators. Interestingly, CDR1 and CDR2, whose overexpression leads to azole resistance in C. albicans, elicit in-to-out transbilayer phospholipid movement, while CDR3, which is not involved in drug resistance, carries out-to-in translocation of phospholipids between the two monolayers of plasma membrane. Cdr1p, Cdr2p and Cdr3p could be further distinguished on the basis of their sensitivities to different inhibitors. For example, the in-to-out activity associated with Cdr1p and Cdr2p is energy-dependent and sensitive to sulphydryl blocking agents such as N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) and cytoskeleton disrupting agent cytochalasin E, while Cdr3p-associated out-to-in activity is energy-dependent but insensitive to NEM and cytochalasin E. We found that certain drugs, such as fluconazole, cycloheximide and miconazole, to which Cdr1p confers resistance could also affect in-to-out transbilayer movement of NBD-PE, while the same drugs had no effect on Cdr3p-mediated out-to-in translocation of NBD-PE. The ineffectiveness of these drugs to affect Cdr3p mediated out-to-in phospholipid translocation further confirms the inherent difference in the directionality of phospholipid translocation between these pumps. Notwithstanding the role of some of the Cdrps in drug resistance, this study clearly demonstrates that these ABC transporters of C. albicans are phospholipid translocators and this function could represent one of the physiological functions of such large family of proteins.     

流域侵蚀产沙模拟研究中的尺度转换方法

影响侵蚀产沙过程的因素在时空上具有很大的不均匀性和变异性，增加了不同尺度间侵蚀产沙模拟的复杂性。尺度转换定义为不同尺度间信息传送，是指利用某一尺度上所获得的信息和知识来推测其他尺度上的现象。尺度转换是进行不同尺度间侵蚀产沙模拟的关键所在。认识侵蚀产沙过程中的尺度转换方法是进行不同尺度间侵蚀产沙模拟和尺度转换的基础。本文在介绍了侵蚀产沙的尺度特征后，对侵蚀产沙尺度转换的类型和理论方法进行了总结，最后还强调了尺度转换中应注意的问题。     

Influence of Barrier Material on Spin Splitting Due to Inversion Asymmetry in Heterostructures

Influence of barrier material on the spin splitting of conduction subbands in heterostructures because of structure inversion asymmetry (Bychkov–Rashba splitting) is studied. The spin splitting at a vanishing magnetic field is calculated for two heterostructures: InAs/SiO₂ and InAs/In_0.8Al_0.2As, having the same well material InAs but very different barrier materials. It is demonstrated that the barrier material strongly influences the spin splitting of the ground conduction subband in InAs. The spin splittings for both heterostructures are computed as functions of electron density, we obtain the splitting in InAs/SiO₂ almost twice larger than that in InAs/In_0.8Al_0.2As. The influence of spin-dependent part of the boundary conditions on the spin spin splitting is studied and it is shown that for considered heterostructures it changes the splitting up to 25% of its value. It is emphasized that the Bychkov–Rashba spin splitting is not proportional to the average electric field in heterostructure.