一个分布式K互斥算法的概率模型检测

传统的验证方法难以保证分布式K互斥算法的有效性和安全性.为解决这一问题,给出了进一步的研究,提出一种基于概率模型检测器PRISM的方法,对Kerry Raymond的分布式K互斥算法进行形式化建模与分析验证.通过设置算法中各个进程进入临界区的时间而得出的结果中发现,改变临界区的数目K,对于某一进程进入临界区的平均及时时间的影响并不大.如果某一进程的执行时间比其他进程大很多,则K的增加可以提高运行效率.最后证明了这一结论.     

基于阈值机制与距离校正的WSN改进DV-Hop定位算法

在无线传感器网络的DV-Hop定位算法中,未知节点定位只考虑离它最近的锚节点的平均跳距,用它乘以跳数代替真实距离去进行定位,会导致较大的定位误差。针对DV-Hop算法以上的不足,本文提出了一种精度较高的基于阈值机制与距离校正的DV-Hop改进算法TMCD-DV-Hop。改进算法首先计算跳数阈值,考虑最近锚节点之外的其他锚节点在局部范围和全局范围的影响,依据阈值选择最优的校正平均跳距来估计距离,并对参与定位的单跳通信半径内的锚节点进行组合优化后,采用质心算法得到一个估计坐标,同时利用加权最小二乘法得到另一个估计坐标,最后以两个估计坐标的算术平均值作为未知节点的定位坐标。仿真实验表明,在同等网络环境中,改进后的TMCD-DV-Hop算法较DV-Hop算法更能有效地降低定位误差,提高定位精度。     

Semi‐global output consensus of a group of linear systems in the presence of external disturbances and actuator saturation: An output regulation approach

This paper studies the problem of semi‐global leader‐following output consensus of a multi‐agent system. The output of each follower agent in the system, described by a same general linear system subject to external disturbances and actuator saturation, is to track the output of the leader, described by a linear system, which also generates disturbances as the exosystem does in the classical output regulation problem. Conditions on the agent dynamics are identified, under which a low‐gain feedback‐based linear state‐control algorithm is constructed for each follower agent such that the output consensus is achieved when the communication topology among the agents is a digraph containing no loop, and the leader is reachable from any follower agent. We also extend the results to the non‐identical disturbance case. In this case, conditions based on both the agent dynamics and the communication topology are identified, under which a low‐gain feedback‐based linear state‐control algorithm is constructed for each follower agent such that the leader‐following output consensus is achieved when the communication topology among the follower agents is a strongly connected and detailed balanced digraph, and the leader is a neighbor of at least one follower. In addition, under some further conditions on the agent dynamics, the control algorithm is adapted so as to achieve semi‐global leader‐following output consensus for a jointly connected undirected graph and the leader reachable from at least one follower. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Robustness of ISS systems to inputs with limited moving average: Application to spacecraft formations

We provide a theoretical framework that fits realistic challenges related to spacecraft formation with disturbances. We show that the input‐to‐state stability of such systems guarantees some robustness with respect to a class of signals with bounded average‐energy, which encompasses the typical disturbances acting on spacecraft formations. Solutions are shown to converge to the desired formation, up to an offset, which is somewhat proportional to the considered moving average of disturbances. In the presence of fast peaking perturbations, the approach provides a tighter evaluation of the disturbances' influence, which allows for the use of more parsimonious control gains. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Exponential synchronization of nonlinear multi‐agent systems with time delays and impulsive disturbances

The problem of cooperative synchronization of nonlinear multi‐agent systems with time delays is investigated in this paper. Compared with the existing works about synchronization (or consensus) of multi‐agent systems, the method in this paper provides a more general framework by considering nonlinear multi‐agent systems with time delays and impulsive disturbances. The model in this paper is sufficiently general to include a class of delayed chaotic systems. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory and algebraic graph theory, sufficient conditions are presented to guarantee the cooperative exponential synchronization for these multi‐agent delayed nonlinear systems. These conditions are expressed in terms of linear matrix inequalities, which can easily be checked by existing software tools. It is seen that the Lyapunov functions must be constructed based on the graph topology to prove synchronization. The well‐known master–slave (drive‐response) synchronization of two chaotic delayed systems is a special case of this paper, and therefore, the results in this paper are also useful for practical applications in secure communication. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed synchronization control algorithm. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Distributed average computation for multiple time‐varying signals with output measurements

This paper studies the distributed average computation problem for multiple time‐varying signals with bounded inputs. Based only on relative output measurements, a pair of continuous algorithms with, respectively, static and adaptive coupling strengths are designed and utilized. From the concept of boundary layer approach, the proposed continuous algorithm with static coupling strengths can asymptotically obtain the average value of the multiple reference signals without chattering phenomenon. Furthermore, for the case of algorithms with adaptive coupling strengths, the calculation errors are uniformly ultimately bounded and exponentially converge to a small adjustable bounded set. Finally, a simulation example is presented to show the validity of the theoretical results. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Lyapunov‐based small‐gain approach on design of triggering conditions in event‐triggered control systems

This paper studies a Lyapunov‐based small‐gain approach on design of triggering conditions in event‐triggered control systems. The event‐triggered control closed‐loop system is formulated as a hybrid system model. Firstly, by viewing the event‐triggered control closed‐loop system as a feedback connection of two smaller hybrid subsystems, the Lyapunov‐based small‐gain theorems for hybrid systems are applied to design triggering conditions. Then, a new class of triggering condition, the safe, adjustable‐type triggering condition, is proposed to tune the parameters of triggering conditions by practical regulations. This is conducive to break the restriction of the conservation of theoretical results and improve the practicability of event‐triggered control strategy. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the efficiency and the feasibility of the proposed results. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Semi‐global and global containment control of multi‐agent systems with second‐order dynamics and input saturation

This paper considers both semi‐global and global containment control for a second‐order multi‐agent system that is composed by a network of identical harmonic oscillators or double integrators with multiple leaders and input saturation. A distributed low gain feedback algorithm is proposed to solve the semi‐global containment control problem for the network whose topology is directed and initial condition is taken from any a priori given bounded set. In particular, by using a parametric Lyapunov equation approach, M‐matrix properties and algebraic graph theory, an upper bound of the low gain parameter is estimated such that the low gain feedback matrix can be analytically determined without involving numerical computation. Furthermore, under the assumption that the induced subgraph formed by the followers is strongly connected and detail balanced, two linear feedback protocols are designed for coupled harmonic oscillators and coupled double integrators, respectively, to asymptotically achieve the global containment control of the network with any initial condition. Finally, numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Leaky‐wave antenna with high gain and wide beam‐scanning angle range based on novel SIW‐CRLH transmission line

A leaky‐wave antenna (LWA) with high gain and wide beam‐scanning angle is proposed in this article using a novel substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) composite left/right‐handed transmission line (CRLH TL). The novel SIW‐CRLH TL is analyzed and the equivalent circuit model is also provided. Considering the continuous phase constant of the balanced SIW‐CRLH TL from negative to positive values, the proposed LWA can obtain a continuous beam steering property from backward to broadside to forward. For verification, a periodic LWA, which is comprised of 10 unit cells of the balanced SIW‐CRLH TL, is fabricated and measured. The measured and simulated results agree well, showing that the proposed periodic LWA operates from has continuous beam‐scanning capabilities of about 90° from backward to forward (including the broadside) with gains of better than 10 dB within the operating band. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 26:36–41, 2016.     

Consensus in second‐order Markovian jump multi‐agent systems via impulsive control using sampled information with heterogenous delays

This paper investigates the consensus problem of second‐order Markovian jump multi‐agent systems with delays. Both network‐induced random delay and node‐induced state delay are considered, where the network‐induced random delay, subjected to a Markov chain, exists in the switching signal and the node‐induced state delay, related to switching topologies, is heterogeneous between any two linked agents. In order to reduce communication and control energy, an impulsive protocol is proposed, where each agent only can get delayed relative positions to neighbors and the velocity of itself at impulsive instants. By performing three steps of model transformation and introducing a mapping for two independent Markov chains, the consensus problem of the original continuous‐time system is equivalent to the stability problem of a discrete‐time expand error system with two Markovian jumping parameters and a necessary and sufficient criterion is derived. A numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the theoretical result.@@@@This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants 61374171, 61572210, and 51537003, the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2015TS030), and the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (IRT1245).