Short communication: Validation of somatic cell score–associated loci identified in a genome-wide association study in German Holstein cattle

Recently, we identified 6 genomic loci affecting daughter yield deviations (DYD) for somatic cell score (SCS) in a genome-wide association study (GWAS) performed with German Holstein bulls. In the current study, we tested if these loci were associated with SCS in cows using their own performance data. The study was performed with 1,412 German Holstein cows, of which 483 were daughters of 71 bulls that had been used in the GWAS. We tested 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) representing 6 genomic regions that were associated with DYD for SCS in bulls. All tested SNP were significant in cows. Seven of them, located on Bos taurus autosomes (BTA) 6, 13, and 19, had the same direction of effect as those previously reported in the bull population. The most significant associations were detected on BTA6 and BTA19, accounting for 1.8% of the total genetic variance. The major allele of the 2 SNP on BTA6 and the minor allele of the 2 SNP on BTA19 were favorable for lower SCS. The differences between the homozygous genotype classes were up to 15,000 cells/mL. The verification of SNP associated with SCS in this study provides further evidence for the functional role of the linked genomic regions for immune response and contributes to identification of causative mutations. In particular, SNP with minor frequency of the favorable allele possess high potential to reduce SCS in German Holstein cattle by selection.     

Integrative Analysis of Metabolomic,Proteomic and Genomic Data to Reveal Functional Pathways and Candidate Genes for Drip Loss in Pigs

The aim of this study was to integrate multi omics data to characterize underlying functional pathways and candidate genes for drip loss in pigs. The consideration of different omics levels allows elucidating the black box of phenotype expression. Metabolite and protein profiling was applied in Musculus longissimus dorsi samples of 97 Duroc × Pietrain pigs. In total, 126 and 35 annotated metabolites and proteins were quantified, respectively. In addition, all animals were genotyped with the porcine 60 k Illumina beadchip. An enrichment analysis resulted in 10 pathways, amongst others, sphingolipid metabolism and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, with significant influence on drip loss. Drip loss and 22 metabolic components were analyzed as intermediate phenotypes within a genome-wide association study (GWAS). We detected significantly associated genetic markers and candidate genes for drip loss and for most of the metabolic components. On chromosome 18, a region with promising candidate genes was identified based on SNPs associated with drip loss, the protein “phosphoglycerate mutase 2” and the metabolite glycine. We hypothesize that association studies based on intermediate phenotypes are able to provide comprehensive insights in the genetic variation of genes directly involved in the metabolism of performance traits. In this way, the analyses contribute to identify reliable candidate genes.     

浅析建设项目竣工决算审计与建设工程竣工结算审核的区别

从依据、工作程序及方法等诸多方面解析了建设项目竣工决算审计与建设工程竣工结算审核两者的区别,从而使今后的具体工作更具目的性、合理性.     

浅析GB/T1.1-2009国标中关于列项的两点认识

本文结合工作实际,浅谈GB/T1.1-2009《标准的结构和编写》中关于列项的两点认识。     

A note on the inventory model for deteriorating items with trapezoidal type demand rate

In this paper, we study the inventory model for deteriorating items with trapezoidal type demand rate, that is, the demand rate is a piecewise linearly function. We proposed an inventory replenishment policy for this type of inventory model. The numerical solution of the model is obtained and also examined.     

《数字电子技术基础》CAI考试子系统

叙述的ＣＡＩ子系统，实现了答卷、阅卷、后台定时软热键收卷及防作弊等功能；子系统提供的写作环境，实现了在ＦｏｘＢＡＳＥ＋数据库Ｍｅｍｏ字段分别使用外部字处理软件和外部图形编辑软件，从而实现了Ｍｅｍｏ字段的直接绘图、改图和存图。     

计价规范中措施项目组成分析

结合GB50500-2003的实施以及"建标[2003]206号文"的发布,通过对招投标过程中施工单位的报价内涵的分析,对工程建设过程中的措施项目内容进行了相关的阐述;结合工程结算过程中措施费用部分存在的问题,提出了结合措施项目的特点,进行分类管理的方法,并在此基础上提出了在招投标过程中措施费项目的合理报价方式.     

LEARNING PRECONDITIONS FOR PLANNING FROM PLAN TRACES AND HTN STRUCTURE

A great challenge in developing planning systems for practical applications is the difficulty of acquiring the domain information needed to guide such systems. This paper describes a way to learn some of that knowledge. More specifically, the following points are discussed. (1) We introduce a theoretical basis for formally defining algorithms that learn preconditions for Hierarchical Task Network (HTN) methods. (2) We describe Candidate Elimination Method Learner ( CaMeL ), a supervised, eager, and incremental learning process for preconditions of HTN methods. We state and prove theorems about CaMeL's soundness, completeness, and convergence properties. (3) We present empirical results about CaMeL's convergence under various conditions. Among other things, CaMeL converges the fastest on the preconditions of the HTN methods that are needed the most often. Thus CaMeL's output can be useful even before it has fully converged.     

利润表内容与层次问题的几点探讨

市场经济体制的逐步完善 ,对利润表提出了新的要求。本文围绕其内容与层次的几点问题进行了探讨 ,提出了改进利润表报告格式的建议。