Amygdala Inactivation Blocks Expression of Conditioned Memory Modulation and the Promotion of Avoidance and Freezing.

Rats were exposed to shock-paired cues immediately after training on an appetitive preference task. Elevated levels of freezing in and active avoidance of the shock-paired compartment were observed, and memory for the appetitive task was improved when tested 24 hr later. Intra-amygdala muscimol injected before the posttraining exposure eliminated freezing, avoidance, and memory modulation. The blockade of both freezing and active avoidance, which involve competing behavioral tendencies, makes it unlikely that the amygdala itself generates either behavior. The elimination of conditioned memory modulation suggests that conditioned neurohormonal responses were blocked. These conditioned internal responses may comprise the intervening variable of "conditioned fear" and may promote observable behaviors, the form of which is determined by the environment in which they occur. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Forgiveness and Conflict Resolution in Marriage.

Two studies examined whether forgiveness in married couples is associated with better conflict resolution. Study 1 examined couples in their 3rd year of marriage and identified 2 forgiveness dimensions (retaliation and benevolence). Husbands' retaliatory motivation was a significant predictor of poorer wife-reported conflict resolution, whereas wives' benevolence motivation predicted husbands' reports of better conflict resolution. Examining longer term marriages, Study 2 identified three forgiveness dimensions (retaliation, avoidance and benevolence). Whereas wives' benevolence again predicted better conflict resolution, husbands' avoidance predicted wives' reports of poorer conflict resolution. All findings were independent of both spouses' marital satisfaction. The findings are discussed in terms of the importance of forgiveness for marital conflict and its implications for spouse goals. Future research directions on forgiveness are outlined. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

翻滚目标安全走廊内的碰撞可能性判断方法

在接近空间带大附件翻滚目标过程中,由于目标章动运动,空间会被划分为目标扫过的危险区与不被扫过的安全区.追踪星在目标安全区内飞行过程中,为规避航天器间的碰撞,应判断追踪星与目标安全区之间是否存在碰撞可能性.为解决这一问题,参考区域判定法思想,将判断碰撞可能性的问题转化为目标安全区与追踪星轨迹的位置判定问题.通过分析目标安全区特征与追踪星轨迹特点,分别建立锥面状的目标星安全走廊和椭球状的追踪星位置误差曲面,从而进一步将问题转化为目标星安全走廊锥面与追踪星位置误差椭球的位置判定问题.经过射影变换和平面投影过程,原锥面与椭球在不改变位置关系的前提下分别被转化为平面上圆与椭圆.利用平面曲线位置判据,判定圆与椭圆的位置关系,反推出锥面与椭球的位置关系,从而判断追踪星在目标安全走廊内飞行有无碰撞可能性.数值仿真表明,该方法可以准确判断锥面与椭球的空间位置关系,并可用于目标安全走廊内的碰撞可能性判断.     

三维车削仿真的碰撞检测

在分析了目前碰撞检测主要方法的基础上,研究了三维车削仿真加工过程中的碰撞检测方法。在造型的过程中借助了多边形的概念和B_rep的造型方法;在算法上采用将三维实体间的碰撞检测转化为二维多边形间的重叠性检验;并通过多边形之间的布尔交运算来判定碰撞的发生。实现的平台为自主开发的动态三维车削仿真系统CNCSimu 2．0。仿真实例表明:该方法简化了碰撞模型,提高了碰撞检测效率。     

挑流消能雾化范围的预估

根据所搜集到的泄洪雾化原型观测资料以及部分模型试验资料,在综合分析了影响雾化范围的各种因素的基础上,探讨了挑流消能雾化降雨区范围的粗估方法。分析结果表明：１）鼻坎水头与雾流降雨区范围之间存在一定的关系,在现有资料范围内,二者之间呈近似线性关系;２）空中碰撞消能导致雾化范围增加,在现有资料范围内,空中碰撞与不碰撞的挑流消能的鼻坎水头～雾化范围关系基本呈两条不同的线性分布;３）雾流降雨区宽度与长度之间存在近似正比关系。据此．文中给出了雾流降雨区长度与宽度的粗估公式。     

图形机械手碰撞检测简化算法

参考较为成形的基于包围盒层次的碰撞检测算法,针对本系统液压伺服机械手的特有结构,采用一种简单易行的线面关系、面面关系算法来实时处理图形机器人与待操作对象的精确碰撞检测,最后通过实验验证了该算法的有效性。结果表明:所提出的碰撞检测模型具有计算量小,速度快以及易于编程实现等优点。解决了遥操作工程机械手的在线实时仿真问题,可以较好地应用于简单的虚拟现实系统。     

虚拟场景中片理颗粒的碰撞仿真

片理颗粒的碰撞在工业生产中占有很大比重,但是由于其混合碰撞的过程不可视,这就使得对它的观察和研究非常困难。文章采用图形引擎OSG和物理引擎Bullet,设计了片理颗粒混合碰撞仿真系统。操作人员通过使用本系统,可以获得重要参数,以便对实际生产进行指导。本系统通过解决图形场景中3DS模型和片理颗粒的控制、碰撞检测、OSG图形引擎与Bullet物理引擎结合以及场景渲染优化等关键技术问题,最后实现仿真模拟程序。操作人员可以通过对系统的信息交互,从而可以观察相应数据所产生的颗粒混合碰撞的过程。     

Central and basolateral amygdala neurons crash the aversive conditioning party: Theoretical comment on Rorick-Kehn and Steinmetz (2005).

Rorick-Kehn and Steinmetz (2005) (see record 2005-13804-012) report that neurons in the central and basolateral nuclei of the amygdala exhibit learning-related spike firing to conditional stimuli associated with shock in 3 different aversive conditioning paradigms: eyeblink conditioning, fear conditioning, and signaled avoidance conditioning. Central nucleus neurons responded in all 3 tasks, whereas basolateral nucleus neurons were more activated by fear and avoidance conditioning. These results reveal that amygdala neurons are differentially engaged by aversive conditioning, but questions remain concerning the associative basis and functional role for these unit responses. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Measuring avoidance in medical rehabilitation.

Objective: To establish psychometric properties of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ), a measure of avoidance, in medical rehabilitation populations. Study Design: Cross-sectional and longitudinal. Setting: Three acute, inpatient rehabilitation units. Participants: One hundred thirty-nine adults with spinal cord dysfunction, stroke, amputation, or orthopedic surgery. Measures: AAQ, Hope Scale, Spiritual Well-Being Scale, Positive and Negative Affect Scale, Brief Symptom Inventory, Hopkins Rehabilitation Engagement Rating Scale, Functional Independence Measure, Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique, Satisfaction with Life Scale. Results: The AAQ has adequate internal consistency (α = .70), is best understood with a two-factor solution, is positively correlated with depression (r = .36, p r = .41, p r = ?.51, p r = ?.33, p r = ?.32, p     

汽车冲击防撞护栏的运动响应分析

对防撞护栏与汽车工作特性以及防撞护栏的结构进行分析，并分析现有计算冲击力的原理和方法，建立考虑汽车局部变形和护栏变形共同影响的汽车－钢筋混凝土防撞护栏连续系统的力学计算模型，确定车辆和防撞所栏系统动力方程，求解碰撞力的大不，给出在汽车冲撞过程中的减加速度 应以及护栏所受冲击力的计算表达式，以解放CA105B型汽车冲击钢筋混凝土护栏为例求解碰撞力，并与实车碰撞结果进行比较和分析，对改善我国公路桥梁防撞护栏结构及合理设计新型防撞护栏提供了重要的依据。