Effects of Freezing on Quality of Cold-smoked Salmon Based on the Measurements of Physiochemical Characteristics

ABSTRACT: How the quality of cold-smoked Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) is affected by freezing the raw fish as whole fish, as gutted fish, and as fillets before smoking, and by freezing the finished product after smoking was studied. Freezing before smoking resulted in increased product yield and water content, but softer texture and increased K-value. Freezing reduced the content of astaxanthin but increased the lightness and the color intensity of the flesh. Gaping increased when the fish was frozen as fillets before smoking. Freezing only after smoking led to fewer changes in quality than freezing before smoking, whereas refreezing the finished products had little additional effect on quality.     

伪彩色数字高程模型在工业CT断层图像检查中的应用

在工业CT断层图像缺陷检测应用中，提出了将数字高程模型DEM与伪彩色技术一起应用于二维灰度图像缺陷检测领域的算法流程。应用该算法流程，能够充分利用CT断层灰度图像信息，获得清晰的视觉检查效果，从而大大增强了系统检测缺陷的能力。在大型工业CT图像重建与检查分系统中采用该算法流程已经取得了较为理想的效果。     

Extending the color gamut and dynamic range of an sRGB image using a residual image

Image sources, such as digital camera captures and photographic negatives, typically have more information than can be reproduced on a photographic print or a video display. The information that is lost during the tone/color rendering process relates to both the extended dynamic range and color gamut of the original scene. In conventional photographic systems, most of this additional information is archived on the photographic negative and can be accessed by adjusting the way the negative is printed. However, most digital imaging systems have traditionally archived only a rendered video RGB image. As a result, it is not possible to make the same sorts of image manipulations that historically have been possible with conventional photographic systems. This suggests that there would be an advantage to storing images using an extended dynamic range/color gamut color encoding. However, because of file compatibility issues, digital imaging systems that store images using color encoding other than a standard video RGB representation (e.g., sRGB) would be significantly disadvantaged in the marketplace. In this article, we describe a solution that has been developed to maintain compatibility with existing file formats and software applications, while simultaneously retaining the extended dynamic range and color gamut information associated with the original scenes. With this approach, the input raw digital camera image or film scan is first transformed to the scene‐referred ERIMM RGB color encoding. Next, a rendered sRGB image is formed in the usual way and stored in a conventional image file (e.g., a standard JPEG file). A residual image representing the difference between the original extended dynamic range image and the final rendered image is formed and stored in the image file using proprietary metadata tags. This provides a mechanism for archiving the extended dynamic range/color gamut information, which is normally discarded during the rendering process, without sacrificing interoperability. Appropriately enabled applications can decode the residual image metadata and use it to reconstruct the ERIMM RGB image, whereas applications that are not aware of the metadata will ignore it and only have access to the sRGB image. The residual image is formed such that it will have negligible pixel values for those portions of the image that lie within the sRGB gamut, and will therefore be highly compressible. Tests on a population of 950 real customer images have demonstrated that the extended dynamic range scene information can be stored with an average file size overhead of about 8% compared to the sRGB images alone. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 28, 251–266, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.10160     

喷气燃料脱色精制中颗粒白土失活加快的原因分析(Ⅱ)--喷气燃料馏分中有色成分的剖析及不同性质馏分油对白土脱色的影响

先用硅胶对大连石化分公司3号喷气燃料馏分油中的有色组分进行吸附,然后分别用二氯甲烷和甲醇两种脱附剂对已吸附有色组分的硅胶进行脱附,得到两种含有色组分的两种溶液.应用红外光谱和色-质联用分析法对富集的有色组分进行了分析鉴定.分析了不同时期喷气燃料馏分油的性质及其对颗粒白土吸附脱色性能的影响.结果表明,大连石化分公司3号喷气燃料馏分油中的有色组分主要成分为C8～C14醇类、酮类、苯酚、甲酚和多烷基酚类及一些多聚体化合物.脱硫醇塔前进料馏分油的性质差异很小,而脱硫醇塔后馏分油的性质变化很大,颜色显著加深.脱硫醇塔操作末期温度高而引起喷气燃料馏分中不稳定组分的氧化转化导致颜色变深.颗粒白土脱色处理赛氏色值高的喷气燃料馏分油明显比处理赛氏色值低的喷气燃料馏分油的效果要好.脱硫醇塔操作不当造成油品恶化是导致颗粒白土吸附脱色失活很快的主要原因.控制脱硫醇塔乃至蒸馏系统操作条件(特别是温度),对延长颗粒白土的使用时间至关重要.     

A Detection-Theoretic Model of Echo Inhibition.

A detection-theoretic analysis of the auditory localization of dual-impulse stimuli is described, and a model for the processing of spatial cues in the echo pulse is developed. Although for over 50 years "echo suppression" has been the topic of intense theoretical and empirical study within the hearing sciences, only a rudimentary understanding of its mechanisms has emerged. In this article, psychometric functions and results from matching studies are used in developing a model that specifies the perceived position of the echo pulse as a normal deviate, with an expectation that is a logistic function of the echo delay and a variance that depends on interaural time difference. Loss of information in the echo event is quantified as a decline in the efficiency with which the binaural system receives information from the lag impulse. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Convolutional solutions of partial difference equations

A significant part of the theory of one-dimensional linear shift-invariant systems is based on the concept of weighting function (or impulse response): the output is the convolution of the weighting function with the input. This paper introduces the concept of linear translation-invariant systems and uses this notion in studying impulse response, z-transforms, and transfer functions for multidimensional systems.     

Effects of surrounding brightness on visual search for safety colors

The present article reports the investigation of the effects of surrounding brightness on a visual search for three safety colors: red, orange, and yellow. Images of visual stimuli consisting of an array of colored circles placed on a large visual field (a visual angle of 40°) were displayed on an 80‐in. screen with a DLP projector. Experiment I examined the search efficiency under three levels of background luminance that were equivalent to the three target luminances. The results showed that the search efficiency for the orange target decreased as the number of distractors increased, under each of the background luminance levels, whereas the efficiency scarcely decreased for the red and yellow targets. Although a reduction in background luminance increased the search efficiency for the orange target, it is suggested that the effect of background luminance is smaller than the effect of the target color in search efficiency. Experiment II examined the search efficiency under three conditions of low levels of incident illuminance, which were matched with a linear regression to the luminance of color chips of safety colors measured twilight conditions. The results showed that the search efficiency for the orange target decreased as the number of distractors increased under each of the different illuminance conditions, whereas the efficiency scarcely decreased for red and yellow targets. Furthermore, as illuminance decreased, the search time for the orange target was more greatly impacted than for red or yellow. These results imply that the recognition of orange tends to be influenced by the surrounding brightness. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 30, 400–409, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.20152     

Chromaticity contour map of the RGB cube: A simple algorithm

A simple algorithm (amenable to spreadsheets) is described for plotting a luminance contour map of the color gamut of an additive‐primary display given the chromaticities of its primaries and screen white. Each contour of the plot represents (in either r,g or x,y coordinates) the polygon of intersection of the RGB cube with a plane of constant Y. Each vertex on a contour is an intersection of 1 of the 12 edges of the RGB cube with the constant‐Y plane. Feasibility of an edge as a vertex of the polygon is tested through comparison of the computed r,g coordinates with functions of the luminosity coefficients of the primaries. By ordering the RGB‐cube edges in a particular way prior to scanning them for feasibility, one is guaranteed to retrieve the vertices of any constant‐Y polygon in convex order. This fact facilitates plotting of the polygons.     

环境试验与可靠性试验的关系

从环境试验和可靠性试验的相关标准入手，详细论述了两者之间的相互关系与区别：互为补充，互为依存，共同发展，共同为保障产品的环境适应性和使用可靠性发挥作用。最后阐述了加强自然环境试验的重要性，它是检验实验结果的基本标准。     

Generation and Memory for Contextual Detail.

Generation enhances item memory but may not enhance other aspects of memory. In 12 experiments, the author investigated the effect of generation on context memory, motivated in part by the hypothesis that generation produces a trade-off in encoding item and contextual information. Participants generated some study words (e.g., hot-___) and read others (e.g., hot-cold). Generation consistently enhanced item memory but did not enhance context memory. More specifically, generation disrupted context memory for the color of the target word but did not affect context memory for location, background color, and cue-word color. The specificity of the negative generation effect in context memory argues against a general item-context trade-off. A processing account of generation meets greater success. In addition, the results provide no evidence that generation enhances recollection of contextual details. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)