用于大位移情形的杆系结构虚功原理

通过典型示例揭示了传统杆系结构虚功原理在“微小位移”假定下,忽略挠度的一阶导数,用二阶导数代替曲率,造成的近似计算的假象,以及引起的概念上的混乱. 论证了虚功原理实质上是一组精确的数学恒等式,只是通过定义“力”和“位移”使其中每一项都赋予了虚功的物理意义,并不存在近似的问题. 提出了用截面转角的正切值定义截面的转动位移,并将虚功中力和位移的关系描述为力不随位移拖动的模式. 由此澄清了传统虚功原理可能引起的“近似计算,只适用于小位移”的假象,使虚功原理可以抛弃小位移假定,精确地适用于大位移情形.     

卷轴式贴标签机剥离机构的优化设计

探讨了用解析的方法解决压敏标签贴标签机的剥离刀口的优化设计问题，分别提出了剥离刀口处的张力功、摩擦功、弹塑性变形功和剥离功的计算模型，并对结果进行了讨论，结果表明，剥离刀口的曲率半径存在一个最优值，此值分别与纸带预张力、压敏胶的特性、标签的瞬时剥离宽度、底纸带特性等有关。     

强化计量工作合理节约能源

文章介绍了青铜峡铝业集团公司通过准确的计量数据为企业提供了可靠的管理依据，进行有效的在线工艺控制，使计量检测水平真正向自动化、一体化方向发展，为企业的产品质量和经济效益提高创造了科学的条件，起到了保证的作用。     

Integrating motivational, social, and contextual work design features: A meta-analytic summary and theoretical extension of the work design literature.

The authors developed and meta-analytically examined hypotheses designed to test and extend work design theory by integrating motivational, social, and work context characteristics. Results from a summary of 259 studies and 219,625 participants showed that 14 work characteristics explained, on average, 43% of the variance in the 19 worker attitudes and behaviors examined. For example, motivational characteristics explained 25% of the variance in subjective performance, 2% in turnover perceptions, 34% in job satisfaction, 24% in organizational commitment, and 26% in role perception outcomes. Beyond motivational characteristics, social characteristics explained incremental variances of 9% of the variance in subjective performance, 24% in turnover intentions, 17% in job satisfaction, 40% in organizational commitment, and 18% in role perception outcomes. Finally, beyond both motivational and social characteristics, work context characteristics explained incremental variances of 4% in job satisfaction and 16% in stress. The results of this study suggest numerous opportunities for the continued development of work design theory and practice. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

德兴铜矿变配电网络地理信息系统设计与实践

介绍了矿山变配电地理信息系统的设计与实施。     

古老的铁艺再次辉煌

铁艺实用美观，唤起人们的怀旧情怀，从公共场所到家居装饰，应用广泛。介绍铁艺选择、使用、维护与保养知识，分析，预测铁艺的市场前景。     

Obituaries: Elizabeth Douvan (1926-2002).

Presents an obituary for Elizabeth Douvan (1926-2002). Douvan was a pioneer in the study of changing gender, work, and family roles; personal values; and well-being in the second half of the 20th century. Through her research, she contributed to the interdisciplinary fields of social psychology and women's studies while building and strengthening institutions that remain committed to the same mission. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Critical incidents and chronic stressors at work: Their impact on forensic doctors.

Workers in medium- or high-risk professions are often confronted with critical incidents at the workplace. The impact of these acute stressors may be serious and enduring. Many workers also experience chronic job stressors, such as work overload or role conflicts. This study examined the frequently neglected relationship of acute and chronic stressors with self-reported health symptoms, such as posttraumatic responses, fatigue, and burnout. This association was investigated in a sample of forensic doctors in the Netherlands (N = 84). It was found that the more traumatic events the respondents experienced, the more problems they reported in coping with the traumatic events. Chronic job stressors were associated with posttraumatic responses (intrusions and avoidances) and with burnout and fatigue. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Decision support in early development phases—A case study from machine engineering

In the case study presented in this paper we consider early development phases of a mechanical product. We want to evaluate different concepts and decide which one(s) to pursue. A problem in early phases is that usually no test runs are available. In our case study, based on a standard, there are ways to compute the lifetime distributions of the components of the different concepts. Some parameters needed for these computations are not known precisely. Unfortunately, the lifetime distributions of the components are highly sensitive to these parameters. Our approach is to equip these parameters with distributions. These distributions would be called prior distributions in Bayesian terminology, but no update is possible since no test runs are available. Our approach implies that the distribution of the system lifetime for each concept is random, i.e. we get random elements in the space of lifetime distributions. Using Monte-Carlo simulations, we demonstrate several ways to compare the random lifetime distributions of the concepts. Some of these comparisons use stochastic orderings. We also introduce a new stochastic ordering which is particularly suitable for reliability purposes. Our case study, consisting of three scenarios, allows us to demonstrate some conclusions that can be reached.     

A Broad View of Intelligence: The Theory of Successful Intelligence.

This article reviews the theory of successful intelligence and attempts to construct-validate the theory of successful intelligence. It describes 4 distinct converging operations that have been used in these attempts. Two sets involve internal validation of the structure of the theory and 2 sets external validation of the theory with outside criteria. The internal validation operations involve information-processing (componential) analyses and both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. The external validation operations involve correlational analysis and analyses of instructional interventions based on the theory. The results are generally supportive of the theory and suggest that conventional conceptions of intelligence may be too narrow. The theory is of use in consulting because it broadens the scope of skills one looks for in seeking "intelligent" people for hiring, retention, and promotion and in assessing a person's ability to do his or her current job. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)