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181.
Mass transport in wood during drying can have different mechanisms at different periods of drying. Depending on the current moisture content (MC) and the structure of the wood, the driving forces for the mass transport are essentially different. Above the fiber saturation point (FSP), the lumens are partially saturated and the transport of liquid (free) water occurs as a consequence of capillary action. On the other hand, below the FSP, bound water within the cell walls is conveyed by diffusion, and water vapor in the lumens moves under influence of pressures gradient. Based on these considerations, a unified model is presented that takes into account the transport of the different moisture phases. Simulation of the drying of a Norway spruce sample at 50°C from about 135 to 7% MC is carried out using the finite element method (FEM). Comparison between the simulated average MC and the experimental observations obtained from X-ray computed tomography (CT) shows reasonable agreement. Possible simplifications in the model are briefly discussed as well as some aspects of the numerical implementation. Finally, the influence of absolute permeability on the average MC is studied. 相似文献
182.
Optimal Locations of Groundwater Extractions in Coastal Aquifers 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A regional water supply management model for coastal aquifers was developed. One of its outcomes is the definition of the
optimized locations for groundwater withdrawal. Such a tool permits the analysis of alternative plans for groundwater extraction
and the sustainable use of water resources in a coastal aquifer subject to saltwater intrusion. The principal components are
the evolutionary optimization and the analytical/numerical simulation models. The optimization technique looks for the best
well locations taking into consideration the economic results and the satisfaction of the societal water demand. However these
two concerns are conditioned by trying to control the saltwater intrusion, i.e., preserving the environmental equilibrium.
The simulation model uses the governing mathematical equations for groundwater movement to find the interface between freshwater
and saltwater. Because of the non-linearity in the system and the possibility of a jumping interface, a security distance
was defined. This is a controlling variable which can be set by the decision makers. The model was applied to a typical case
with interesting results. For example, diagrams showing the relationship between the location of the wells and the security
distance(s) are of importance to the managers. It was also crucial to have an understanding of the tradeoffs between groundwater
withdrawals, positions of the wells from the coast line, and the security distance. The model was also applied to a real case
in order to relate the extractions, distances and artificial recharge (not presented in this paper). 相似文献
183.
本文首先根据文本中各个字符的颜色相似的特性,确定已知文本块的文本的颜色,利用文本的颜色信息二值化文本图像以得到文本块中的字符数、字符的尺寸和间距;其次,根据视频图像的大小和视频的播放速度确定搜索窗口的大小,并利用文本的运动信息来预测搜索窗口的位置;第三,根据在相邻两帧中具有相同内容文本的颜色相似的特性,提出了一个可以解决脉冲噪声和部分缺损或遮挡问题的稳健匹配准则来跟踪文本块;最后,确定跟踪输出的文本的颜色、尺寸和运动方式。本文方法可以很好地跟踪平移、缩小或放大、旋转、淡入淡出和部分被遮挡的水平或倾斜排列的文本,并且可以记录文本平移、旋转和缩放的速度。 相似文献
184.
In this paper, we propose an approach that combines the unsupervised and supervised learning techniques for unconstrained
handwritten numeral recognition. This approach uses the Kohonen self-organizing neural network for data classification in
the first stage and the learning vector quantization (LVQ) model in the second stage to improve classification accuracy. The
combined architecture performs better than the Kohonen self-organizing map alone. In the proposed approach, the collection
of centroids at different phases of training plays a vital role in the performance of the recognition system. Four experiments
have been conducted and experimental results show that the collection of centroids in the middle of the training gives high
performance in terms of speed and accuracy. The systems developed also resolve the confusion between handwritten numerals. 相似文献
185.
栅氧化层TDDB可靠性评价试验及模型参数提取 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
采用恒定电压和恒定电流试验方法对20nm栅氧化层进行了TDDB可靠性评价试验,并完成了1/E模型参数提取,给出了恒定电流应力下描述氧化层TDDB退化的统计模型,较好地解释了试验结果。 相似文献
186.
铜萃取剂BK992和LIX984的性能研究 总被引:11,自引:1,他引:10
研究羟肟类铜萃取剂的结构与性能的关系。试验研究了铜萃取剂BK992和LIX984的对比萃取及混合萃取性能指标 ,试验表明BK992与LIX984的使用性能相当 ,两种铜萃取剂相互混合不影响使用性能指标。 相似文献
187.
188.
从催化裂化柴油中分离高纯度2,6-二甲基萘 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以大庆石油化工总厂炼油厂催化柴油为原料 ,通过精馏分离得到二甲基萘 (DMN)窄馏分 (2 5 8~ 2 70℃ ) ,经糠醛溶剂抽提 ,减压蒸馏后 ,在 -10~ -2 5℃冷冻 2~ 5h ,离心分离制得纯度约 80 %的粗 2 ,6 DMN ,再经无水乙醇在 -10~ -2 5℃重结晶 ,得到纯度大于等于 98%的 2 ,6 DMN。 相似文献
189.
戊二醛含量测定方法的改进 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
对戊二醛测定方法进行改进 ,采用酸度计判定终点的方法代替用肉眼观察指示剂变色来判定终点。改进后的方法平均偏差为 0 .0 4,标准偏差为 0 .0 2。并且在正常情况下 (试样无色 ,含量≥ 1% ) ,改进前后的测试方法的数据结果基本一致。而当试样含量≤ 1%或试样有色时 ,则测试结果相差很大。 相似文献
190.